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When in the womb the fetus' lungs are not working because they do not have access to air. This means that blood does not flow down the pulmonary artery and a hole in the heart shunts the blood directly from one chamber of the heart to the other. This hole closes and the lungs begin to work after birth when the baby takes its first breath.

While in the womb the baby's blood is oxygenated by the placenta which interfaces to the mother's blood supply.

PLEASE NOTE: the lungs DO NOT "purify" blood. The function of the lungs is gas exchange (oxygen in - carbon dioxide out). The kidneys are the organs which remove waste products from (purify) the blood.

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Q: Why fetus blood does not reach the lungs for purification?
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