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Germanium has a smaller bandgap compared to silicon, leading to higher intrinsic carrier concentration and hence greater leakage current. Additionally, germanium has a higher intrinsic carrier mobility, which can further contribute to increased leakage current compared to silicon.
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Why cut in voltage of silicon is more than that of germanium?
Silicon has a larger band gap energy than germanium, resulting in a higher cut-in voltage for silicon diodes compared to germanium diodes. The larger band gap in silicon means that it requires more energy for electrons to be excited into the conduction band, resulting in a higher cut-in voltage.
Why silicon-germanium semiconductors are not used to produce lasers?
Basically Si and Ge are optically inactive materials because of it's indiect band gap.That's why people are not using this for producing lasers. Generally we are using Optically active materials are used for Laser Production. Ex:Ga-As
What is the width of a silicon atom and how does it compare to other atoms in terms of size?
The width of a silicon atom is about 0.117 nanometers. In comparison to other atoms, silicon atoms are larger than hydrogen and helium atoms, but smaller than atoms like carbon and oxygen.
How is the process of growing silicon crystals used in the production of semiconductors and electronic devices?
The process of growing silicon crystals is crucial in the production of semiconductors and electronic devices. Silicon crystals are grown using a method called the Czochralski process, where a seed crystal is dipped into molten silicon and slowly pulled out, allowing a larger crystal to form. These silicon crystals are then sliced into thin wafers, which are used as the base material for manufacturing semiconductors. The purity and quality of the silicon crystals greatly impact the performance and reliability of the electronic devices produced.
How is the process of growing silicon crystals in the semiconductor industry advancing and evolving?
The process of growing silicon crystals in the semiconductor industry is advancing and evolving through innovations in crystal growth techniques, such as the use of advanced equipment and technologies to produce higher quality and larger silicon crystals. These advancements are aimed at improving the efficiency and performance of semiconductor devices, leading to faster and more powerful electronic products.
What is difference between silicon and germanium semiconductors?
Silicon has a higher operating temperature and greater thermal stability compared to germanium. Silicon has a larger bandgap energy which makes it better suited for high-power applications. Germanium has a higher electron mobility which can result in faster transistors, but it is less commonly used in modern semiconductor devices.
What is difference between silicon and germanium according to atomic structure?
Silicon has 14 electrons and germanium has 32 electrons in their atomic structure. Germanium has a larger atomic size and mass compared to silicon. Both elements have a similar crystal structure and are used in semiconductor devices for their electrical properties.
Why the breakdown voltage of silicon is 0.7V whereas for germanium it is 0.3V?
The difference in breakdown voltage between silicon (0.7V) and germanium (0.3V) is mainly due to their different band gap energies. Silicon has a larger band gap compared to germanium, resulting in a higher breakdown voltage. This means that silicon can withstand a higher voltage before breaking down compared to germanium.
Why cut in voltage of silicon is more than that of germanium?
Silicon has a larger band gap energy than germanium, resulting in a higher cut-in voltage for silicon diodes compared to germanium diodes. The larger band gap in silicon means that it requires more energy for electrons to be excited into the conduction band, resulting in a higher cut-in voltage.
Why silicon has more barrier potential than germanium?
Silicon has a larger band gap than germanium, leading to a higher barrier potential. This is due to the differences in the electronic structure of these two materials. Silicon's larger band gap means that it requires more energy to move electrons across the junction, resulting in a higher barrier potential compared to germanium.
Why energy gap is more in silicon than germanium?
The energy gap in silicon is larger than in germanium because of their different atomic structures. Silicon has a larger atomic size and a stronger atomic bond compared to germanium, leading to a wider energy gap between its valence and conduction bands. This larger energy gap in silicon results in better insulating properties and makes it a popular choice for high-performance electronics.
Why is silicon diode 0.6 V and germanium diode 0.2 V?
It probably has to do with the arrangement of their electrons in their electron shells, which in turn effects things like their atomic radius and resistivity. Remember that these are "semi-conductor" metals. The term "forward voltage" has to do with devices, such as diodes and transistors, not the elements themselves. Elemental Silicon and Germanium do not have "forward voltages" per se; it is only when these elements are "grown" into a wafer and fused to a circuit that we have a device. The terms forward voltage, reverse voltage, breakover voltage, thermal breakdown, and a lot of other measurements and factors then become part of the "specs" for that particular type of device.
Is germanium or tin larger?
Germanium is the largest of the two. It has a larger atomic mass.
Why silicon is preferred over germanium in the fabrication of integrated circuits?
The invention of the planar process by which most IC devices are fabricated relies on the gas phase diffusion of dopants to produce N-type and P-type regions, but also on the ability of silicon dioxide to mask these diffusion processes and passivate the chip surface eliminating the need for hermetic packaging. Silicon is unique in its ability to be oxidized to produce a stable insulating coating. Germanium dioxide is crumbly and water soluble, making it impossible to use in this process. While the first IC made used germanium, it had to be handwired which would have made them prohibitively expensive to produce and much larger than even the early silicon ICs.
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Which is larger silicon or sulfur?
silican m8. Judgin on my years of research I have finally come to the conclusion that silican is larger.
Why only silicon in IC fabrication?
Transistors require semiconductor material to be able to function since a transistor must be able to change it's state of conductivity according to its working conditions. Although many elements these days are involved in manufacturing of transistors. Fundamentally two common semiconductors are described for educational purpose for BJT (bipolar junction transistors). They are Silicon (Si) and Germanium (Ge). Silicon is never intrinsic (pure) in transistors. To form a p-n-p or n-p-n junction they are doped with pentavalent (5 valance electrons) and trivalent (3-valance electrons) impurities into their crystal lattice. Common impurities in silicon transistors may be trivalent Boron for p-type and pentavalent phosphorus for n-type. Germanium conducts better when in conductive state than silicon due to 32 electrons per atom, but due to high electron density the device can handle very little electrical current. Germanium was used in the past for pre-amplifiers. Silicon does not have as good conductivity and also does not provide very high hfe values. The highest hfe value you will find in signal transistors would be approximately 300, whereas power transistors you would commonly have an hfe of about 25. Silicon only has 14 electrons per atom. The main advantage is with silicon is that it has a lower electron density when it is in conductive state; to allow larger currents and higher power dissipation. In the past, difficulty was experienced with the practical use of silicon due to its lack of 'purity'. Once a purer form of silicon was produced, there was no stop to it. Silicon is more cost effective. In 1998 silicon sold for $10 p/kg compared to germanium which was almost at $1800 p/kg. Germanium is showing some comeback again. Gallium arsenide (GaAs) in wireless communications devices are being replaced with Silicon-germanide (SiGe) and become more useful with modern high speed integrated circuits. Germanium is also commonly used in infrared night vision systems and fiber-optics. Ultimately one cannot say that Silicon is the only element used in transistors, but what one can say is that it is probably the most commonly used and most fundamental for modern applications.
