The Middle Ages were already under way when Islam began to spread in Arabia. It spread to Persia and Palestine. Then it spread into India, across North Africa, into other parts of Africa, to Asia Minor, to Central Asia, Southeast Asia, to Spain, Sicily, Southern Italy, the Balkans, the Philippines, and Indonesia. There is a link below.
If we take time as a measure of the spread of religion,then since its establishment ,Islam is the religion which spread or still spreading rapidly in Asia followed by Christianity.
... the religion's name is not Muslim, it's Islam, and yes, it was founded in Medina/Mecca, which is in Asia Minor
To be entirely fair, it was Türkic Tribes of Central Asia who spread Islam to China, but the reason that Arabs spread Islam to Spain, Sicily, and India was that they genuinely believed it to be the correct religion.
The spread of Greek culture.
India, Africa and Southeast asia
Islam spread rapidly during the Middle Ages in almost all directions. By the year 750 AD, Muslims had conquered the Mediterranean coast of Africa, Spain, Palestine, parts of Asia Minor, Persia, and parts of India. After that, Islam continued to spread in the Middle Ages, primarily in Asia, areas in the Philippines, Indonesia, China, and Africa. Muslims also took over the Balkans, and, briefly, parts of Italy.
Within a period of 200 years, Islam spread all over the world. All world regions had been exposed to and had someone to begin following Islam.
India, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Egypt
Islam religion is spread all over the world. However, Islam religion is major religion in the Middle East, North Africa, and Asia.
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam were all founded in southwest Asia, more specifically the Middle East.
Greek culture spread to Egypt and Asia Minor when Alexander the Great conquered the region.