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First, Babylon conquered Israel and took many Jews out of Israel back to Babylon as captives in war. Once there, provided they did not attempt to leave, they were allowed to live as free people under the king. Then, Persia conquered Babylon and King Cyrus of Persia said that many of the Jews could go back to Israel and rebuild the nation. Over the course of the next five centuries, they were conquered by the Greeks, and later by the Romans. In around the year 65 C.E., many Jewish people in Israel rose up in rebellion against the Roman and they were crushed, and the 2nd Temple was later burnt to the ground. The Romans killed many Jews and took even more out as slaves. For three centuries after the Roman conquest, many Jews continued to live in the Holy Land, but the numbers dwindled. While there did remain a continuous presence of Jews in Israel for the last 2000 years, they were a small minority after this point.

The answer is A) The defeat and enslavement by the Babylons and B) The defeat and enslavement and forced resettlement (Diaspora) by the Romans.

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Q: Why have Jews spread from Israel?
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