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The real rules governing the Roman numeral system were changed during the Middle Ages presumably to make it easier to convert Roman numerals into Hindu-Arabic numerals because M+CM+XC+IX = 1000+900+90+9 but when the Hindu-Arabic numerals are added up they total 1999 and when the Roman numerals are correctly added up they total IMM (2000-1 = 1999) in the following manner:-
M+CM = CMM (1000+900 = 1900)
CMM+XC = XMM (1900+90 = 1990)
XMM+IX = IMM (1990+9 = 1999)
In fact the Romans would have calculated the equivalent of 1999 on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and by placing I to both sides of these numerals simplified them to IMM in written form in the same way that VIIII (9) is simplified to IX (10-1 = 9) and in the same way that XVIIII (19) should be simplified to IXX (20-1 = 19)
It's interesting to note that the Latin word for XVIIII is novemdecim (nineteen) and the Latin word for IXX is undeviginti (one from twenty)
More information about the simplification of Roman numerals can be found in the reference book 'History of Mathematics' volume 2 by David Eugene Smith first published in 1925 and ISBN 0486 204 308
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What is December 28 1999 in roman numerals?
In today's notation of Roman numerals: XII-XXVIII-MCMXCIX But during Tthe Roman era the eqivalent of 1999 was probably written out simply as IMM (2000-1)
What are the possible differences of 99 from 1999 in roman numerals giving details of your work?
In today's terms 1999 and 99 in Roman numerals are MCMXCIX and XCIX respectively. MCMXCIX - XCIX = MCM (1000-100+1000 = 1900) Alternatively in the days of the Roman Empire the Romans themselves would have probably wrote out 1999 and 99 as IMM and IC respectively. IMM - IC = CMM (-100+2000 = 1900)
What is February 14th 1999 in roman numerals?
February XIIII MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII or Feb. IXV IMM and it is not Feb. XIV MCMXCIX the way you might have expected it to be.
What is your date of birth in roman numerals 15 January 1999?
Under today's rules it is: XV-I-MCMXCIX But the Romans themselves would have probably preferred XV-I-IMM
How can 1999 possibly be IMM in roman numerals when it is MCMXCIX?
In accordance with the rules laid down during the Middle Ages 1999 in Roman numerals works out as MCMXCIX but these rules were introduced centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Romans themselves would have probably calculated 1999 on a abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and by placing I to both sides of these numerals simplified them to IMM (-1+2000 = 1999) Or alternatively they could have possibly worked out 1999 as IXCMMCX which gives a final result of IMM when positive and negative numerals are cancelled down. This method is achieved in the following manner: 1000 = M 1000+900 = CMM 1000+900+90 = XCMMC 1000+900+90+9 = IXCMMCX => IMM when cancelled down. Both methods will give exactly the same result when converting any Hindu-Arabic numerals into Roman numerals.
What is December 28 1999 in roman numerals?
In today's notation of Roman numerals: XII-XXVIII-MCMXCIX But during Tthe Roman era the eqivalent of 1999 was probably written out simply as IMM (2000-1)
Is MCMXCIX bigger or smaller than IMM in Roman numerals or are they both the same giving reasons why?
They are both the same because in todays modern notation of Roman numerals the equivalent of 1999 is MCMXCIX which means 1000+900+90+9 = 1999 But the ancient Romans would have probably gone for the simpler version of IMM which means 2000-1 = 1999
What are the possible differences of 99 from 1999 in roman numerals giving details of your work?
In today's terms 1999 and 99 in Roman numerals are MCMXCIX and XCIX respectively. MCMXCIX - XCIX = MCM (1000-100+1000 = 1900) Alternatively in the days of the Roman Empire the Romans themselves would have probably wrote out 1999 and 99 as IMM and IC respectively. IMM - IC = CMM (-100+2000 = 1900)
What is February 14th 1999 in roman numerals?
February XIIII MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII or Feb. IXV IMM and it is not Feb. XIV MCMXCIX the way you might have expected it to be.
Why is it that 223 plus 1776 in Latin numeracy is equal to MCMXCIX instead of the more plausible IMM?
The Roman or Latin numerals for 1776 and 223 are MDCCLXXVI and CCXXIII respectively. Therefore in accordance with today's rules governing the Roman numeral system they add up to MCMXCIX (1999). But during the Roman era these numerals would have been calculated on an abacus counting device as:- MDCCLXXVI + CCXXIII = MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably have been simplified to IMM (-1+2000 = 1999) in written form. The reason why MCMXCIX is chosen instead of IMM is presumably to make it easier to convert them into Hindu-Arabic numerals and vice versa.
What is the date 09-11-2001 in roman numerals?
In today's terms it is: IX-XI-MCMXCIX The Romans themselves in their day would have probably wrote out the number 1999 simply as IMM (-1+2000 = 1999)
What is 1066 plus 1999 using Roman numerals showing how you obtained your answer?
According to today's rules we would write out the equivalent of 1066 and 1999 into Roman numerals as MLXVI and MCMXCIX respectively and to add them together is quite difficult. But the Romans probably simplified MCMXCIX to IMM in the following manner:- M+CM = CMM (1000+900 = 1900) CMM+XC = XMM (1900+90 = 1990) XMM+IX = IMM (1990+9 = 1999) Therefore: MLXVI+IMM = MMMLXV (1066+1999 = 3065)
What is your date of birth in roman numerals 15 January 1999?
Under today's rules it is: XV-I-MCMXCIX But the Romans themselves would have probably preferred XV-I-IMM
How can 1999 possibly be IMM in roman numerals when it is MCMXCIX?
In accordance with the rules laid down during the Middle Ages 1999 in Roman numerals works out as MCMXCIX but these rules were introduced centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Romans themselves would have probably calculated 1999 on a abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and by placing I to both sides of these numerals simplified them to IMM (-1+2000 = 1999) Or alternatively they could have possibly worked out 1999 as IXCMMCX which gives a final result of IMM when positive and negative numerals are cancelled down. This method is achieved in the following manner: 1000 = M 1000+900 = CMM 1000+900+90 = XCMMC 1000+900+90+9 = IXCMMCX => IMM when cancelled down. Both methods will give exactly the same result when converting any Hindu-Arabic numerals into Roman numerals.
What is february 21 1999 in roman numerals?
In today's notation of Roman numerals: II-XXI-MCMXCIX But during the Roman era the Romans themselves would have worked out the equivalent of 1999 on an abacus counting device as MDCCCCLXXXXVIIII and probably simplified it to IMM (2000-1 = 1999) in written form.
What is date of birth 03091999 in roman numerals?
The date of birth 03091999 in Roman numerals is IIIIXVCMXCIX.
Are the roman numerals the same we use today?
Yes the numerals have the same values as in the times of the Romans but today they are calculated differently in the way that the Romans actually did themselves. For example today we would write out 1999 in Roman numerals as MCMXCIX but the Romans probably wrote it out simply as IMM (-1+2000 = 1999)
