The web is not a place. The web is a communication protocol that is used for connecting computers together. The laws of the nation where the computer is located, or the user, or the copyright owners, determine what copyright laws apply, regardless of how the information is accessed.
No, everything on the web is not copyrighted. You have to claim copyright by placing a copyright symbol or getting a license claiming it's protected.
Virtually everything you encounter online is protected by copyright, unless otherwise specified. Notification is not required for protection.
Yes; creative works are protected regardless of the method of distribution.
Yes; works of sufficient originality are automatically protected by copyright as soon as they are fixed, and notification is not required.
You can only use content for which you are the copyright owner, is in the public domain, or you have permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law. But your resulting web page is automatically protected by copyright as soon as you create it.
Websites are protected by copyright, so you would need permission from the copyright holder or an exemption in the law to use someone else's web content.
Unless otherwise specified, everything you encounter on the internet is protected by copyright. For example, you will see at the bottom of this page that it is copyright 2011 Answers Corporation.
No. You could copyright a drawing or photograph of the logo but the logo itself would have to be protected as a trademark.
Yes.
Individual words are not protected by copyright.
Yes. All of the photos taken in the movie are protected by copyright.
Once a work of sufficient originality is fixed in a tangible medium, it is automatically protected by copyright.