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Lets first take the case of the d3 compound. The no.of orbitals in the 3d shell is 5. If three electrons occupy three orbitals then there are two free orbitals.Therefore According to Valence bond theory the six water ligands will use the two inner d orbitals the outer s and the p orbitals to form an inner orbital complex with hybrisation d2sp3.
In the second case we have the d5 compund. Since there are five electrons in the d subshell the five electrons singly occupy all the five d orbitals. Here 's where the concept of the weak ligand comes in. Since water is a weak ligand it cannot force pairing of the unpaired d electrons to make room for an inner orbital complex. Thus it has to use the outer d orbital to form an outer orbital complex with hybridisation of sp3d2.
Since the Inner orbital (low spin) complex is more stable than the outer orbital (high spin) complex. Thus d3 configuration is more stable than d5 configuration in aqueous medium.
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Is Mn2 plus more stable than Mn3 plus?
Yes, it is. If we look at the electronic configuration of Mn2+ , it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d5 . The 3d orbital is half-filled, which is relatively stable. in Mn3+ , there are only 4 electrons in the 3d orbital, which is less stable.
Why do Cr and Cu doesn't contain a a full 4s orbital?
In the case of chromium (Cr), the electron configuration of 3d54s1 is more stable than 3d44s2. A half-filled sublevel is more stable than a sublevel that is less than half full. In the case of copper (Cu), the electron configuration of 3d104s1 is more stable than 3d94s2, again because a full sublevel and a half-filled sublevel is more stable.
What is the disadvantages of molecular orbital approach?
according to molecular orbital theory{MOT} O+ has bond order 2.5 and O has bond order 2 but actually O is more stable than O+.
Are methyl cation is more stable than ethyl cation?
An ethyl cation is more stable because the carbon adjacent to the positively charged carbon has three sigma bond orbitals available for overlap with the vacant p orbital, whereas methyl cation does not have any sigma bond orbitals available for overlap with the vacant p orbital.
Why is the electron configuration for copper 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 instead of 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2?
Because a full 4s orbital is more stable than a full 3d and half full 4s. So, the last 3d electron jumps up to the 4s orbital.
Is NH3 more or less stable than water?
Ammonia is less stable than water.
Is Mn2 plus more stable than Mn3 plus?
Yes, it is. If we look at the electronic configuration of Mn2+ , it is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s0 3d5 . The 3d orbital is half-filled, which is relatively stable. in Mn3+ , there are only 4 electrons in the 3d orbital, which is less stable.
Why do Cr and Cu doesn't contain a a full 4s orbital?
In the case of chromium (Cr), the electron configuration of 3d54s1 is more stable than 3d44s2. A half-filled sublevel is more stable than a sublevel that is less than half full. In the case of copper (Cu), the electron configuration of 3d104s1 is more stable than 3d94s2, again because a full sublevel and a half-filled sublevel is more stable.
What is the disadvantages of molecular orbital approach?
according to molecular orbital theory{MOT} O+ has bond order 2.5 and O has bond order 2 but actually O is more stable than O+.
Are methyl cation is more stable than ethyl cation?
An ethyl cation is more stable because the carbon adjacent to the positively charged carbon has three sigma bond orbitals available for overlap with the vacant p orbital, whereas methyl cation does not have any sigma bond orbitals available for overlap with the vacant p orbital.
Why is the electron configuration for copper 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 instead of 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2?
Because a full 4s orbital is more stable than a full 3d and half full 4s. So, the last 3d electron jumps up to the 4s orbital.
Difference between bonding and anti bonding molecular orbital?
Bonding molecular orbital Its energy is less than that of parent atomic orbital.It is more stable than the parent atomic orbital.In B.M.O, the probability of finding electrons is maximum.Contribution of B.M.O is maximum towards the shape of molecule.Anti-bondingmolecular orbital Its energy is greater than that of parent atomic orbital.It is less stable than the parent atomic orbital.In A.B.M.O, the probability of finding electrons is minimum.It does not contribute towards the shape of molecule.
What does a higher orbital state have more of than a lower orbital state?
More gravitational potential energy.
Why is a chemical that is more stable also have more toxic effects than a chemical that's unstable?
Your question has a false assumption. Water is a very stable substance and it is not toxic.
Is hydride ion more stable or less stable than H-atom?
hydried is more stable than H-atom
Why does land absorb more heat than water?
It doesn't. Water absorbs and holds more heat than land. That's why the coast always has more stable weather, with less temperature extremes, than inland.
Why is the fifth ionization energy of carbon so much larger than its fourth?
because when ionizing it from 3+ to 4+ it has only a filled orbital which is relatively stable (just as a noble gas). When you want to take away one more electron you do not end up with a filled orbital so this is less stable and will cost much more energy. The sixth ionization energy however should be quite low as well, because after that the carbon ion has no more electrons left which is also a reasonably stable state (compare to H+)
