Nobody knows what Patrick would say but I am sure he would be disappointed in the state of affairs of the Catholic Church in that country that he worked so hard to convert.
As a young Catholic myself, I don't find it that hard to be a Catholic. It gets much easier when you learn the actual teachings of the Catholic Church as opposed to the hateful or ignorant things that some people (most of whom are not even Catholics themselves) seem to believe are teachings. For instance, the Catechism says that we should be tolerant of other religions and homosexuals, that many parts of science which seem to conflict with the faith, such as evolution, actually don't and are perfectly fine, and that we should not interpret the Bible fundamentally (the Church does not teach that God made the universe in seven days) but should instead look for the Church to guidance on interpretation (in fact, in 1 Peter the Bible actually states that no part of the Bible is a matter of personal interpretation, which is why we look to the Church for guidance). The only matters which can make being Catholic hard are that many factions in the media and popular culture demonize religion, and the Catholic Church in particular, and that chastity until marriage is a very hard cross to bear in our very sexual society.
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I don't know. Hard to say. Probably in the same ball-park as the number who were martyred for being Catholic priests.
That will be hard to find the answer to, due to the fact that there are no records proving it. Catholic dates back to a really long time.
It's just Catholic, not Roman Catholic. Roman is an epithet first commonly used in England after the protestant revolt to describe the Catholic Church. It is never used by the official Catholic Church. If you are referring to Blessed Francis-Xavier de Montmorency-Laval, he was the first bishop of New France. He worked hard to ensure the supremacy of the Church, and threatened two governors with excommunication over selling spirits to the natives. He had the backing of the King of France, and firmly established the Church in New France.
I have read that about a third of the property in England was owned by the Church in the Middle Ages. It is hard to find a source for this, but the article on the Dissolution of the Monasteries (link below) says monastic lands were 16% of the country. Since there were many other lands belonging to the Church as well, a total of 33% might be believable.
Parliament might oppose a Catholic monarch due to historical conflicts between Protestantism and Catholicism, particularly in England, where the monarchy played a crucial role in the establishment of the Church of England. A Catholic monarch could potentially align the monarchy with the Catholic Church, undermining the established Protestant church and threatening the religious and political stability that had been hard-won after centuries of conflict. Additionally, there were fears that a Catholic ruler might prioritize the interests of Catholic nations, which could compromise national sovereignty and security.
It's hard to speak for all the English but they have an established church there, and they try to keep as broad a perspective as possible. Even their church is neither Protestant nor Catholic exclusively.
Without doubt, Jews started the Church -- the Book of Acts describes some of the first organizational meetings of what was to become the Church. But was it what we call the Catholic Church today? Western Catholics claim that the Church of Rome is the direct successor of the Church of the Book of Acts, with the apostle Peter as its founder, while the Eastern Orthodox Churches are factions that broke from this original lineage. It may be more proper to say that what we now call the Catholic Church is just one faction of a church that was only strongly centralized after it became the state church of the Roman Empire and that, before that, was sufficiently diffuse that it is hard to describe it as a unified entity the way we now think of Catholocism.
Widowed, yes, but the divorce concept is against the teaching of the Catholic church. Unless the divorce was allowed by the church, you may have a hard time to get into being a nun. Of course, there maybe certain exceptions to this, such as a difficult marriage ect, but this divorce should have been removed by the Church first before you can considering becoming a nun.
Like any family, the Catholic Church is composed of people who make mistakes, both great and small; however, a person remains part of the family of the Catholic Church unless he/she leaves by a formal act such as joining another denomination or religion. This applies to a spouse who is committing adultery. The teaching of the Church on adultery is that it is a sin, which when confessed, is forgiven. The action on the part of the offended spouse, as hard as it may be, is reconciliation.