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Knowing the temperature at a star's core lets us know how much energy is available. This is critical because it requires different amounts of energy to fuse atoms together.

The most "basic" star is one which is composed entirely of hydrogen, and through the massive gravitational pressure and heat, hydrogen is fused into helium. This is the simplest type of fusion. Once all of the hydrogen is used up, it requires more energy to fuse the helium into Lithium and other heavy elements. Essentially, the higher on the Periodic Table an element is, the more energy it takes to make.

Once you get to Iron, stars are unable to manufacture anything heavier because other physical laws prevent the build-up of sufficient energy in the body of a star. So, all of the heavier elements, we believe, are the products of super novas.

The energy released by these exploding stars is sufficient to make all of the other naturally occurring elements.

So, to get back to your question: The higher the temperature, the more energy. The more energy, the larger the element that can occur.

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Q: Why is knowing the temperature in a star's core so important in knowing what nuclear reaction can occur there?
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