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There is no new substance; it is just mixed up and all the atoms are spread out so you can't see the individual particles.
Purple with small amounts of red mixed until you have reached your desired shade.
Lozenges are sucked on until small and thin. Then, the small pieces can be swallowed. You swallow the saliva mixed with the lozenge's medicine.
Cooking shortening is made to last a long time. It contains preservatives that allow this. Each container of shortening will have an expected life date on it. Look for the expiration date.
The very small size of virus particles was a major limiting factor of the discovery of viruses.
Out of an accretion disk leftover from the solar nebula. Small particles bump together and collect until they form planets.
Adding a small amount of mixed gas and oil, like used in a string trimmer, will not hurt a vehicle. The car might smoke slightly until the mix is burned through.
Shortening didn't come about until the 20th century, lard was used in place of shortening because it was what was on hand. When making things like biscuits and cornbreads country cooks often used bacon drippings (grease saved from cooking bacon).
The particles vibrate more until the particles break away and become more spread out. This is when they become a liquid.
If it is still good and hasn't become rancid, there's no reason why you shouldn't use it. Shortening normally doesn't 'expire' until it goes rancid. The date is usually a 'best by' up until which the manufacturer will guarantee their product.
The bonds between solid particles are weakened.
The energy transfer is due to collision of the particles and or molecules. Cold milk has particles with less average kinetic energy. Hot cocoa has particles with a higher average kinetic energy. When mixed the particles collide and some transfer of KE takes place until they have a new average KE which is between that of the 2 separate substances. This means that the new temperature will be 'warm' or between the 2 original temperatures.