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Opera Lamps
It is called an IP or Instrument Panel.
The "A" pillar would be the pillar on each side of the windshield.
Sometimes called A-Pillar
Ground, as in the car was ground against a pillar.
By the front of the car where the windshield is supported
I call it the instrument panel but it's also called the dashboard or dash panel
There should be an access panel located in the B pillar, or if you remove the interior trim of the B pillar, a pair of connectors that are small enough to pass out through the B pillar. The wiring goes with the door, as opposed to staying with the car.
Fender
The "A" pillar is the front pillar on each side of the windshield.The "B" pillar (if applicable) is the pillar between the front and rear pillar. The "C" pillar is the rear pillar on each side of the rear windshield.
A car panel cannot move at all unless it is connected to a car.
A car has many panels such as a door panel, a header panel, a rocker panel, cowl panel, need more info to answer that Q.