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The Roman Catholic CHurch.
The worldwide headquarters of the Catholic Church is the Vatican in Rome and is headed by the Pope. The 'headquarters' are in the Vatican city. This is inside Rome but it has its own government so it is not actually part of Rome.
Roman Catholic AnswerNorthern Irish Catholics are not encouraged to have any specific number of children by the Church. It is not the "Church of Rome", is the Catholic Church, whose headquarters are in Rome.
Vatican City
If you mean by headquarters, where the Pope lives... It would be the Vatican, a city in Rome.
Because it is where St. Peter and his successors the Popes set up the headquarters of the Catholic Church.
Since the headquarters of the Catholic Church is the Vatican, and the Vatican is located in Rome, you could say that there are a lot of Christians in Rome right now.
I assume you mean the Chair of St. Peter, which is currently held by Pope Benedict the XII, living in Vatican City. Country is located inside the city of Rome.
the VaticanRoman Catholic AnswerNormally, the "headquarters" for each diocese is the city in which the Bishop has his cathedral, or "see". The Pope, who is Vicar of Christ has his cathedral in Rome, St. John Lateran.
.Catholic AnswerTwo problems, but the answer is a simple no to both of them. The Catholic Church, whose headquarters is in the Vatican, which is in Rome is the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church, as enumerated in the Nicene Creed. However, there is a "Catholic Apostolic Churches" which is a protestant sect started by an Anglican which has nothing to do with the Catholic Church. In the first case, the Catholic Church, headquartered in Rome, the answer is NO, they are not "Roman." In the second case, of the protestants using that name, they aren't Roman either.
We don't know the exact year that St. Peter went to Rome, nor the year that he was martyred there, but with his death and burial in Rome; along with that of St. Paul, Rome became the center of the Catholic Church until the end. See the Catholic Encyclopedia article at the link below.
No, the earthly headquarters of the Catholic Church are found in Vatican City.