Does sodium or chlorine have a higher ionization energy?

Answer 1

The second ionization energy of sodium is so much greater than the first because the first electron is removed from the valence shell, while the second electron is removed from the core orbitals. Additionally, the sodium atom has a positive charge after the first ionization, which thus attracts the remaining electrons more strongly. Both of these factors lead to a much higher second ionization energy compared to the first.

Answer 2

Let us define first what is ionization energy. It is the energy that is necessary to remove the outermost electron from an atom's subshell.

Moving from left to right across a period in the Periodic Table, the atomic number, and therefore the nuclear charge, of each increases. However, moving down a group in the periodic table, the increase in atomic number is "shielded" by the increasing number of electron shells surrounding the nucleus, consequently, the effective nuclear charge decreases.

In general, the greater the effective nuclear charge of an atom, the more closely the electrons are held, and consequently, the greater the ionization energy. So,

1) Moving from left to right across a period, the ionization energy increases (as the nuclear charge increases)

2) Moving down a group from top to bottom, the ionization energy decreases (as the effective nuclear charge decreases due to the shielding effect of the electrons)

Here's a quick trick: The closer an element is to Fluorine in the periodic table, the larger the element's value for ionization energy.

Therefore, Chlorine has a higher ionization energy than sodium since it is more closer to Fluorine. And as chlorine's nucleus has more protons than the nucleus of Na so its nucleus is more +ve than the nucleus of Na. They both have the same number of shells as well so the attraction between the chlorine's nucleus and its electrons is more than that between the sodium's nucleus and its electrons so more energy is needed to remove an electron from the chlorine atom.

Plus, the chlorine atom is slightly smaller than the sodium atom which also increases the ionisation energy.

Hope you are satisfied with the answer :) .

Answer 3

Chlorine because the trend of ionization energies is up and to the right, both sodium and chlorine are in the third period but since chlorine is further to the right of the periodic table it has a higher ionization energy.

Answer 4

Ionisation energy of elements increases across periods.

The ionisation energy of metals is the lowest as metal elements has a low electronegativity which means it tend to lose it's electrons easily.

Ionisation energy increases in such a trend :

Metals < Non-metals < Noble gases

Therefore comparing sodium ( Na ) and copper (Cu), Cu is more on the right side of the periodic table, causing it to have a high ionisation energy.

Answer 5

Cl has a bigger nucleus, creating a stronger pull on electrons. (higher electronegativity)

Answer 6

because chlorine has larger size than oxygen and ionization energy decreases with increase in size