This is not really a "why" sort of question.
The moon has a shadow, because it's a solid opaque object.
The moon's shadow sometimes falls on the Earth, because the Earth, Moon, and Sun are sometimes arranged so that that can happen.
When that happens, we call it a solar eclipse. We could call it a mumblefrazz instead, and then I suppose you'd be asking why the moon's shadow was cast on Earth during a mumblefrazz.
If the moon were smaller, or further away, its shadow would never fall on the earth (technically, its penumbra or anteumbra still would, but its umbra would not) and we'd never experience total mumblefrazzes.
the moon of earth
Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Earth lies between the sun and the moon while solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes the earth and the moons shadow falls onto earth during the day. :D
You will see a partial eclipse if you are in the penumbra.
The basic difference is when a lunar elise happens the earths shadow falls on the moon and therefore the moon is not illuminated, with a solar eclipse the moons shadow falls on the earth and the sun is covered by the moon. In both cases the sun moon and earth have to be 'in line'. Lunar eclipse; Sun, earth, moon. Solar eclipse; Sun, moon, earth. It is one of the great coincidences that the moons' size and distance from the earth almost matches the apparent size of the sun, hence we can have the type of total eclipse that we do. If the moon was any bigger or smaller or if it was more distant or nearer to earth this would not be quite the case.
Probably, I mean what else could there be (or the Earth makes a shadow covering the half that doesn't face the sun)
The moons of the big planets can go into eclipse when they are in the shadow of their planet.
When the Earth's shadow hits the Moon that is an eclipse of the Moon. When the Moons shadow hits the earth that is an eclipse of the Sun.
A solar eclipse is when the moon is causing a shadow on the Earth. A lunar eclipse is when the Earth is causing shadow on the moon.
Solar Eclipse
eclipse
When the moon's shadow falls upon the earth this is known as a solar eclipse.
The word "eclipse" means "in the shadows". In an eclipse of the sun, sun, moon and earth are all lined up, so that the moon's shadow falls on the Earth. In an eclipse of the moon, it is the shadow of the Earth that falls on the Moon.
An eclipse of the Sun.
solar eclipse lunar eclipse solar is when the moons shadow blocks out the sun
-- During a lunar eclipse, the moon is in Earth's shadow. -- During a solar eclipse, a small part of Earth is in the moon's shadow. -- In order for either of these to happen, the Sun, Moon, and Earth must be all lined up. -- New Moon and Full Moon are the phases when Sun, Moon, and Earth are all lined up.
Lunar Eclipse occurs when the Earth lies between the sun and the moon while solar eclipse occurs when the moon passes the earth and the moons shadow falls onto earth during the day. :D
Since the Moon is quite a bit smaller than Earth, the Moon's shadow can only cover part of Earth's surface. In that case, the people in that shadow will see a solar eclipse.
You will see a partial eclipse if you are in the penumbra.