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Most of the digested molecules of food, as well as water and minerals, are absorbed through the small intestine. The mucosa of the small intestine contains many small folds that are covered with tiny fingerlike projections called villi. The villi are covered with microscopic projections called microvilli. These structures create a vast surface area through which nutrients can be absorbed. Specialized cells allow absorbed materials to cross the mucosa into the blood, where they are carried off in the bloodstream to other parts of the body for storage or further chemical changes.

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