Because water has a very high specific heat and is capable of absorbing a large amount of heat energy without changing temperature.
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Most often, light water (H2O) is used as a moderator in a nuclear reactor. Sometimes, heavy water (D2O), or graphite is used.
They are the same in that they don't allow reactor coolant water boiling in the primary water coolant loop. They are different in that in PHWR the moderator is heavy water while in PWR the moderator is normal light water.
The moderator used in nuclear reactors with natural uranium is generally the heavy water (D2O).
It can be light water, heavy water, or graphite
Light water (H2O) and heavy water (D2O)
Fission of U-235 or Pu-239 is not very sensitive to temperature, but neutrons are absorbed better if they are slowed down after production, this is the function of the moderator.
This is the function of the moderator, which may be heavy water, light water, or graphite
moderator, coolant
Room temp.
Carbon is a very good moderator, for use in gascooled reactors, the others not.