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Electrons are in random motion in a material, such that there is no resultant electron movement. Hence a material has no current flow by its own.

Only the directed flow of this charge in a direction, will results in current. when we provide sufficient energy (for example by mean of applied potential difference ) the net motion of the electron gives rise to the current flow.

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How are convention current caused?

Conventional current flow is current flowing from positive to negative as opposed to electron flow where current flow is from negative to positive. See Related Links


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