The question does not make sense. LCAO takes a linear combination of atomic orbitals from the atoms, some orbitals are not energetically favourable to produce bonds (*other exclusions are symmetry) and these do not form bonding orbitals.
between metals
This is not an easy topic! A simple description describes the electrons as being freely mobile around the lattice of metal atoms. In chemistry bonding terms the bonding is fully delocalised- in materials science it is decribed by band theory- which is based on the "free electron" theory.
Any non-metallic atom can share electrons with another non-metallic atom, through covalent bonding. Metallic bonding is between metals. Covalent bonding is between non-metals. Ionic bonding is typically between a metal and a non-metal.
An Ionic bond is metals bonding to non-metals. A Covalent bond is non-metals bonding to non-metals.
yes ionic compounds are non rigid and non directional . Ionic bonds are non directional because the number of anions surrounded a cation is limited by the efficiency of its lattice packing therefore it is not directional afterall. However in covalent bonds, notice how the orbitals overlap, side-ways or head-on which defines the bond angle. The orbitals need to overlap in a specific direction in covalent bonding unlike in ionic bonding. As for rigidity it is the same concept as directional. Ionics bonds are non rigid because no matter how you rotate an anion around a cation, the bond is not affected, it is still the same. Whereas in covalent bonds, it is difficult to rotate the bonds especially in pi bond or side-ways overlapping due to the shape of p orbitals which results in rigidity, relatively
between metals
sp hybrid orbitals are literally a hybrid of the S and P orbitals. in P block atoms that have 4 distinct bonds or non bonding pairs of electrons the valence electrons organize into 4 sp hybrid orbitals that point out from the nucleus like the points of a tetrahedron.
This is not an easy topic! A simple description describes the electrons as being freely mobile around the lattice of metal atoms. In chemistry bonding terms the bonding is fully delocalised- in materials science it is decribed by band theory- which is based on the "free electron" theory.
The Non-bonding occur in the hypothalmus and enter the cortex.
Any non-metallic atom can share electrons with another non-metallic atom, through covalent bonding. Metallic bonding is between metals. Covalent bonding is between non-metals. Ionic bonding is typically between a metal and a non-metal.
An Ionic bond is metals bonding to non-metals. A Covalent bond is non-metals bonding to non-metals.
3 bonding pairs and one lone pair or non-bonding pair
yes ionic compounds are non rigid and non directional . Ionic bonds are non directional because the number of anions surrounded a cation is limited by the efficiency of its lattice packing therefore it is not directional afterall. However in covalent bonds, notice how the orbitals overlap, side-ways or head-on which defines the bond angle. The orbitals need to overlap in a specific direction in covalent bonding unlike in ionic bonding. As for rigidity it is the same concept as directional. Ionics bonds are non rigid because no matter how you rotate an anion around a cation, the bond is not affected, it is still the same. Whereas in covalent bonds, it is difficult to rotate the bonds especially in pi bond or side-ways overlapping due to the shape of p orbitals which results in rigidity, relatively
The chemical Bonding present is covalent bonding since nitrogen and hydrogen are non-metals
most metals do not follow the octet rule. when an atom has access to the D orbitals it usually follows the 18-electron rule (transition metals). non transition or F block elements usually contain a d orbital (when present) that is below the s and p orbitals in energy and do not usually use D electrons in bonding.
Phosphorous has a total of 15 electrons, and of those, 3 of them are valence shell, or bonding electrons. So, 12 electrons are core electrons, and are non-bonding.
The electrons out of ionic bonds and covalent bonds are called as non bonding electrons. Valence electrons are the bonding electrons of carbon.