There is no Oil lubricating your engine at a cold start up, so a rich mixture is used to try eliminating any scouring on your (internal) engine components.
Poor starting due to over rich mixture (hot engine) Poor starting due to weak mixture (cold engine) Cooling fan(s) coming on when the engine is cold Sensor can be checked using an ohm meter if you have the data.
12:1 for rich mixture and it is 15:1 for lean mixture
Yes
An engine runs by the combustion of a mixture of oxygen and gasoline. If this mix has too much oxygen, it is said to run lean. When the mixture has too much gasoline in relation to oxygen, it is running rich.
Choke is a mode of air/fuel mixing that causes a rich mixture (meaning a lot of fuel). This is often used upon starting the engine. it is applied manually in older cars, but newer cars have an ECM to control such functions.
Improper timing, mixture is rich, engine wear.
Black smoke indicates a rich fuel mixture.
Fuel/air mixture too rich, engine misfire, or damage.
A leaner fuel mixture burns hotter than a rich mixture. so a leaner mixture will be more prone to detonation than a richer mixture.
Older (pre computer) cars have a mechanical choke to richen the mixture for cold starting. Cold engines need a fuel rich mixture. Later model cars do this by shooting addition fuel into the engine on a cold start. That signal is sent electronically to the injectors by the computer.
The year, make, model and engine size would help us help you.
The purpose of an oxygen sensor is to sense the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas. If oxygen is present, an insufficient fuel mix has been added to the cylinder to make it fire. The oxygen sensors job is to send a signal to the computer that regulates the intake mixture to richen the mixture until enough fuel has been added to combust all of the oxygen in the mixture, ensuring the proper mixture. A lean fuel mixture will take longer to burn than a rich mixture due to the lack of fuel in relation to oxygen. The engine will still opperate though poorly, and when the piston moves up in the cylinder, it will be pushing burning gasses through the exhaust port. This is normally what causes the engine to run hot on a lean mixture. A failed oxygen sensor could easily cause an engine to run rich or lean. Some vehicles may have programs to automatically richen an engine's fuel/air mixture to protect the engine from premature mechanical failure in the event of a failed oxygen sensor. A rich mixture will not likely damage an engine, just your pocketbook.