It is located in Baikonur.
Baikonur Cosmodrome, Kazakhstan.
Baikonur Cosmodrome
Baikonur
The space complex constructed in Kazakhstan by the Soviet Union and now operated by Russia is "Baikonur".
Each country has it's own launch sites. The US launch site for manned missions is Cape Canaveral, Florida. Two Russian Launch sites have been the desert of Kazakhstan and Arkhangelsk Oblastlaunch pad
5 different space shuttles have been launched on 129 missions.
Space probes are still in use with several on space missions at the present time and in the future. . The MSL Curiosity and Maven probes are currently on missions. NASA has both the Insight, which is set to launch in 2016 and the Mars Sample Return Mission that will be ready for launch in 2024.
The first space shuttle was launch in 1981. Space shuttle missions do not stay in orbit, they are designed to return to Earth after missions generally lasting 1-2 weeks.
Before and during the very first part of a launch, missions are controlled from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, but as the shuttle or other vehicle clears the launch tower, control passes to Johnson Space Center in Houston Texas.
All the Apollo missions were launched from the Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral, Florida.
The Kennedy Space Center was the only launch site for the Space Shuttle missions. There are landing sites all over the world, including Edwards Air Force Base and White Sands Space Harbor.