The last Prophet of Islam and his followers were maltreated, insulted and tortured so brutally im Makka that they had to migrate to Madina.
The last Prophet of Islam Hazrat Muhammad SAW was forced to migrate to Madina Munawara from Mecca Mukarramah in 622. Most of the Muslims also migrated from Mecca.
Medina (Yathreb)
Muhammad fled from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed Medina, after being warned of a plot to assassinate him.
The leader of Islam Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) didn't flee to Medina. He just followed the command of Allah (or God and same God worshiped by Christians and Jews) to him to leave Makkah (or Mecca) to Al-Madinah (or Medina) to continue the call for Islam religion from there especially that people of Medina invited him and welcomed him there. He was informed by Allah (or God) that the unbelievers of the tribes of Makkah (or Mecca) planned to assassinate him. On the planned night of assassination, he was instructed by God to leave for Medina.
Hegira started in 622 AD and when Muhammad had to move from Mecca to Medina to preach Islam.
Islam leader; prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him); didn't escape from Makkah (or Mecca) to Yethrib (or Medina or AlMadinah). He was ordered by God to migrate to Medina to start calling for Islam from there. It was not on his own choice. Additionally, a number of Meccans were plotting to assassinate Muhammad in the upcoming days.
He was born in year 570 Ad and left Makkah (or Mecca) to Medina in year 622 AD. So, he was 52 years old.
It starts with the month of Muharram. Since this day is constantly changing and based on the lunar calendar, it's not the same day on the Gregorian calendar and changes year after year.
In year 622 AD.
The majority of people in Medina (or AlMadinah) accepted the Islam religion even before the migration of prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to Medina in the year 623 AD. This is why the prophet was very much welcomed when he arrived to Medina.
He traveled from Makkah to Medina in 622 CE. in what is commonly called "Hijra"; The migration.
In year 622 AD