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As it is parallel to the normal to the surface, the angle of incidence is zero and hence the angle of refraction also has to be zero. Hence no deviation and no refraction.
No, you wouldn't be able to.
The electrons in the electron sea absorb and re-emit the light.
If by "straight on" you mean at 90 degrees to the surface of the medium, that is because light is only deviated if it makes an angle with the normal, which is an imaginary line perpendicular to the surface of the medium. If no angle is made between the normal line and the light ray, then no refraction occurs and the light passes through in a straight line. For more information see the related link below.
reflection is when light its something like a mirror and refraction is light going through something solid that is not like a mirror when light falls on a surface and bounces back, it is reflection and when light is absorbed by the surface or passes through the surface but does not bounces back, it is refraction.
There will be refraction when light passes from one substance to the other (for example, from air to water), when the two substances have different indices of refraction, and when light passes the surface at an angle. In other cases, there is no refraction.
Refraction
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
reflection, refraction, and reflection occurs because of how the beam of light hits. and where it hits.
Reflection happens when light waves bounce on a reflective surface. Refraction occurs when light wave bends through two different mediums. If you can see through a window and see your image at the same time, it due to both refraction and reflection.
Refraction.
Refraction occurs for any waves, where there's a change in the medium.