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Bonding in π-complexes is strongest when both the filled π-bonding orbital of the π-bonded ligand donates TO the metal and the empty π* orbital on the ligand can accept electron density FROM the metal. A metal with a partially-filled set of d orbitals is able to participate in this synergistic mode of bonding; main group atoms virtually never have filled pπ orbitals available for donating electron density to π-complexed ligand, hence this kind of complex occurs only with transition metals.

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11y ago
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10y ago

This is due to availability of vacant d-orbitals in transition metal that they for linkages with the ligands to form complexes. The likanges are formed when the ligand donates electron pair(s) TO the metal and this electron pair is accomodated in the vacant d-orbital of the metal.

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12y ago

By the attachment of Ligands to a metal ion.

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Q: Why only transition elements are known to form pi-complexes?
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Related questions

Which metals are transition?

All the transition state metals can be found in the clearly marked central portion of the Periodic Table of elements, but I will tell you that most of the well-known metals, such as iron, copper, gold, lead, zinc, nickel, chromium, platinum, etc., are transition state elements. The only really well known metal that is not a transition state element is aluminum. Other metals such as calcium or sodium are also not transition state elements, but they are not often encountered in their metallic form, they are encountered in compounds such as salt. Metals that we encounter in metallic form are almost always transition state elements.


Do atoms of copper and iron generally form stable bonds with transition elements?

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Why are f-block elements called inner transition elements?

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