His given name was Charles in French, Karl in German, or Carolus in Latin, with some variation in spelling. He was given a title equivalent to "the Great." So in German he is called Karl der Grosse, and in Latin he is Carolus Magnus. Charlemagne is the French name, and it is also used by the English.
He is called Great because of the various things he did. He was crowned king of a powerful kingdom, but he increased the size enormously, making it the largest country of Europe after the Roman Empire. He was crowned Emperor of what we now call the Carolingian Empire, in 800, by Pope Leo III, and this empire was ancestral to both the Kingdom of France and the Holy Roman Empire. He converted large numbers of people to Christianity. He pushed the boundaries of Christian countries farther to the East, against pagans, and the South, against Muslims. He protected the popes and the Church. He founded schools and encouraged education, making a policy that all free people of his lands have access to education, and seeing to it that both men and women around him learned to read and write. He spoke several languages, including Latin, Arabic, and at least some others. His time was called the Carolingian Renaissance, though it was named for his grandfather, Charles Martel, who was regarded as the ancestor of the Carolingian Dynasty.
It was called the Carolingian Empire.
The king during the Carolingian Renaissance was called Charlemagne.
I would say Charlemagne does deserve to be called great. He was a very important positive influence in the history of Europe, and a great patron of arts and learning. Others might disagree, so do some research and decide for yourself.
Obviously Charlemagne's first name is Charlemagne and Charlemagne's last name was Merovingian. His name stood for "Charles the Great"
Charlemagne's father was Pepin the Short
Charlemagne
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It was called the Carolingian Empire.
No, Charlemagne was a king and emperor. Medieval universities were nearly always named for the cities in which they stood.
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Charlemagne's empire was called the Empire of the Roman People. This was rather inconvenient, because the East Roman Empire was still operating and WA also called the Empire of the Roman People. So today, historians call Charlemagne's empire the Carolingian Empire and the East Roman Empire of the Middle Ages is called the Byzantine Empire.
Charlemagne's elephant was called Abul-Abbas. If you want to know more about the elephant you should reed the Annales Regni Francorum.
In English and French he is called Charlemagne.
Charlemagne is said always to have carried a sword. Also his favorite sword is said to have been one called Joyeuse. Joyeuse is mentioned in literature many times, and remained important as a relic of Charlemagne's life. I have not seen a reason it was so important to Charlemagne, but the is a link to an article on it below.
The Treaty of Verdun, AD 843. However, Charlemagne's former empire had already fallen apart long before that.
The king during the Carolingian Renaissance was called Charlemagne.