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In order to spread Islam, certain obstacles (governments) had to be removed so that preaching could reach it's maximum affect. This was one of the reasons the Muslims conquered lands. Another reason is so that they were not wiped out easily by two powerful nations from both sides (byzantines and Persians). The Byzantines and the Persians both showed signs of hostility to the Arabs and this could have resulted in invasion, so the Muslims attacked first.
Persians were Muslims.
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Shiites (or Shiaas) Muslims.
Yes at least all of the Muslims are.
The majority of Persians (Iranians) are Muslims; more specifically, Shia Muslims. Minorities include Sunna Muslims, Bahá'ís, Christians, and Jews. Especially the Bahá'ís are severely persecuted.
The majority of Persians (Iranians) are Shi'ite Muslims and their holy book is the Qur'an a/k/a the Koran.
Islam (muslims)
The majority of Persians (today, that's Iran and Iraq) are Shia Muslims.
The Byzantines had various enemies throughout their history, including the Goths, Persians, Arabs, Bulgars, and Normans. They had varying degrees of conflict and diplomacy with neighboring empires like the Sassanids (Persians) and later the Ottomans. Their allies included the Western European powers during the Crusades and at times, parts of the Italian city-states.
Arabs converted to Islam before Persians did. By 633 CE, almost all Arabian Arabs were Muslims, but almost all Persians were Zoroastrians.
Non-Muslims actually had very minimal participation in the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliphates. Many former non-Muslims were asked to convert so that they could be part of the government. This was done because the Arabs had no experience in managing a bureaucracy and needed Persians and Byzantines who were skilled in running affairs of state. Jews were also believed to be good financiers and were allowed to join the financial ministries without converting.