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Q: Why were Navajo hogans so far apart?
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What do Navajo live in in the winter?

Hogans are what traditional Navajo homes are called. In Navajo they are spelled hooghan. They all face east, most are six or eight-sided or round. These kind are called "female" hogan. They were usually made with logs and the roof of logs or the whole building was covered with earth for insulation. The "male" ones are very rare today and have a pointed top more like a small tepee of logs covered with dirt. Today, some Navajo still have hogans, mostly for ceremonies but some are still lived in. Most people lived in regular US style homes or in mobile homes. There are 300,000 Navajo and they are very individualistic so there is a lot of variation.


What were Navajo homes made out of in winter?

Traditional Navajo homes are called hogans. In the Navajo language it is spelled hooghan. They are made of log structure covered with earth. The roof is a corbeled arch. They always face east. Traditionally, they had a smoke hole and the doorway but no windows. Sometimes they were completely covered with earth other times just the roof was. Sometimes stones were used in construction as well. They had earthen floors. Some Navajo still have hogans today for a home, for a guest house or outbuilding or for ceremonial purposes. There are over 300,000 Navajo tribal members so people live in many different ways. Sometimes they are built of more modern construction materials. They are round, 6, or 8 sided. These are refered to as female hogans. Most things in the Navajo world come in male and female versions (rivers, mountains, rain). The male hogans are seldom seen today. Hogan were and are used year round. They are warm in the high altitude winter and cool in the hot summer. In some places for summer time, especially at summer pasture areas for the sheep people lived in summer shade shelters. These are a framework logs with cut branches with leaves or needles laid across for shade.


Why did the Apache not build hogans like the Navajo?

The Apache are a group of related people but the live in different places, climates, ways and their languages are different. The Navajo are related to them. Some Apache did make hogans. They also made kowa and wikiups and the Plains and Lipan Apache used tipis. In general, a hogan is a much more permanent home and takes a lot of time a materials to build. The thick walls are good for keeping warm in the high altitude winter and keeping cool in the summer. The Navajo are people who keep sheep and goats and raise corn, squash and beans. They mostly live at between 5000 and 8000 feet in elevation. Hogans are useful in this climate and because they stayed near their fiends except when moving herds to higher pasture. Also hogans have important religious significance. Many Apache bands lived a more mobile lifestyle so other types of houses were more useful.


What kind of habitat did the Navajo live in?

They lived, and some still live, in hogans which are earth houses. It has a wood framework covered with clay forming a dome. There is always a door facing the morning sun. They have a smoke hole in the center. They have four support logs to start the building, one for each direction. They come in "male" and "female" styles. The round ( or hexagonal or octagonal) dome shaped ones that are female are the most common ones today. Most traditional ceremonies must take place in a hogan. Today some hogans are made of modern building materials. Navajo for hogan is "hooghan". The hogan is described in the creation stories and each part has symbolic meaning. Changing Woman was raised in the first one. The earliest hogan remains have been found in the Dinetah area ( the upper San Juan river basin) and are 1100 years old. The Navajo (The Spanish interpretation of the Tewa word for for "farmland in river bottoms" or "wide fields") people are the largest federally recognized tribe of the United States. Even in the earliest years, these hunter/gatherers lived in what is now Arizona and New Mexico and also Utah and Colorado.


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