They were out gunned and out numbered.
In 1664, the population of New Amsterdam was less than a thousand, and included not just Dutch but also English, Germ, Swedes and many other nationalities; it was estimated that there were 18 different languages spoken in New Amsterdam. The tiny city had only 150 paid soldiers to protect it, primarily against raids by Native Americans. England and the Dutch Republic were officially at peace in 1664, so it was a complete surprise to the people of New Amsterdam when four English warships sailed into their harbor and demanded the surrender of the entire colony of New Netherlands. The British warships carried about 450 soldiers and the ships themselves were armed. Resistance was futile - and would have gained nothing anyhow. The fleet's commander, Colonel Richard Nicolls, told New Amsterdam's citizens that they would have the same rights as English colonists if they surrendered without a fight. Faced with certain defeat, the colonists prevailed upon Director-General Peter Stuyvesant to surrender peacefully.
Frontier colonists.
idk
british
Many German soldiers were no longer willing to fight.
They were not willing to lose their/colonists power
Because they knew the colonists had a good chance of winning and wanted revenge on the British.
Cross the Atlantic Ocean in a very small boat!
Headrights were legal grants of land to colonists who were willing to move to the colonies.
Whately felt that the American colonists should be willing to pay higher taxes to parliament. He thought American's should be happy to pay for the protections Britain had provided to them.
Unbowed means not willing to submit or surrender, remaining defiant or resolute despite challenges or adversity.
As far as I can see it was because more colonists = more population = more taxes.