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In 1664, the population of New Amsterdam was less than a thousand, and included not just Dutch but also English, Germ, Swedes and many other nationalities; it was estimated that there were 18 different languages spoken in New Amsterdam. The tiny city had only 150 paid soldiers to protect it, primarily against raids by Native Americans. England and the Dutch Republic were officially at peace in 1664, so it was a complete surprise to the people of New Amsterdam when four English warships sailed into their harbor and demanded the surrender of the entire colony of New Netherlands. The British warships carried about 450 soldiers and the ships themselves were armed. Resistance was futile - and would have gained nothing anyhow. The fleet's commander, Colonel Richard Nicolls, told New Amsterdam's citizens that they would have the same rights as English colonists if they surrendered without a fight. Faced with certain defeat, the colonists prevailed upon Director-General Peter Stuyvesant to surrender peacefully.

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Related Questions

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