Both Mercury and Venus, being closer to the sun than us, will show phases. When Venus is at is brightest it is generally just a bit over half full. If you were on Mars, you would note phases on earth.
No, planet Venus does not have graphite. Venus is really made from a ton of clouds. This is why we cannot see it from planet Earth.
Mercury 0 Venus 0 Earth: 1 Moon (luna) Mars: 2 (Deimos, Phobos) See related link
You can see them because the Sun's light shines on them and we see the part that is lit up.
Yes. Venus has the same sun that we do, only it is closer. You cannot see the sun from the surface of Venus due to thick clouds.
You cannot, because of the permanent cloud cover.
Ancient observers could only see five of the planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn) with the naked eye because these planets are bright enough to be visible without the aid of telescopes. The other planets in our solar system are either too distant, too dim, or too close to the Sun, making them harder to observe without optical aids.
You cannot, because of the permanet cloud covering and the atmosher is so thick
For most of Venus's nearly circular orbit, Mercury is closer to it than Earth. But when Venus and Earth are on the same side of the Sun, Earth can be closer. And the distances between the planets are constantly changing. There are times when Mercury and Earth are closer than either is to Venus. * (see the related link below) The average distance of each of these planets from the Sun: - Mercury: 57,909,000 km - Venus: 108,200,000 km - Earth: 149,600,000 km So, when they do happen to line up on the same side of the Sun, the distance between Mercury and Venus will average about 50.3 million kilometers, and the distance between Venus and the Earth will average 41.4 million kilometers. But this is only the case for less than 35% of the Venusian year. The distance between Mercury and Venus can vary from just 37.7 million to as much as 178.7 million kilometers. The distance between Earth and Venus can vary from 39.2 million to as much as 256 million kilometers.
Mars
A gas giant as we cannot see the surface.
You will not see Mercury or Venus at night. You will, at times, see either of them during the twilight hours.