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Antibodies for measles don't work against chickenpox virus because antibody for measles virus can not bind to chickenpox virus. Antibody for a specific antigen should have a shape and structure that is able to fit into this virus. Then it will be able to inhibit the activity of this virus.

When a measles vaccine is inserted inside human body, or when someone has measles, the T type lymphocytes (White Blood Cells) detect the type of viruses and then B type lymphocytes produce the antibodies against this specific type of virus. If viruses of the vaccine are alive they will reproduce themselves inside the human body and the number of antibodies against them also increases. Antibodies bind to these viruses and destroy them. Now the virus (of specific disease which needs prevention) which was in the vaccine have been destroyed but the antibodies against this disease viruses are still there and they prevent from the actual disease causing viruses.

Antibodies are specific: An infection with the measles virus means that the person makes antibodies only against measles. It doesn't make any antibodies against chickenpox too.

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Q: Why won't the antibodies for measles work against chickenpox?
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