It wouldn't because that's impossible
The temperature would be different on Earth.
No, the earths orbit is so great that the moon would would half to go at 100,000 mps to alter the orbit of the earth.
The earths rotation about its axis has no affect on the orbit of satellites about earth. Only their relative velocities and positions are relevant, not their orientation
If the space station were to stop moving sideways, it would continue to orbit Earth due to the pull of gravity. However, without the horizontal velocity, it would fall back towards Earth rather than staying in a stable orbit. This would pose a significant danger to the crew and the station itself.
Not a planet of any significant size, which would be easy to see, but it is possible that some pieces of rock are in a similar orbit to the Earth at the five Lagrangian Points of the Earth's orbit.
they are able to stay in orbit because of the earths gravitaional pull which keeps the shuttle in orbit so that it will not crash there is a theory that if the earths gravity changed the slightest bit everything we know would change
Which orbit would that be? The galactic orbit, the solar orbit, the local cluster orbit? From what viewpoint? Above or below the galactic plane, the planetary system plane, from the point of view of a different place in the local cluster than on earth itself?
Your question isn't very clear. The moon revolves around the earth so it essentially has the same orbit around the sun.
If the Earth's gravity were to stop pulling on the moon, the moon would continue to move. It would, however, fling off away from the Earth rather than continuing in its orbit.
No, inertia is trying to keep the moon moving in a straight line, which would be away from Earth. Gravity is pulling the moon towards Earth. The result when these two forces are combined is the moon maintaining a constant orbit of Earth.
If the Moon's orbit were in the same plane as Earth's orbit around the Sun, we would experience a solar eclipse every month during the new moon phase as the Moon would pass directly between the Sun and Earth. This alignment would likely have a significant impact on Earth's tides and possibly cause more extreme weather patterns due to the gravitational influence of the Moon.
The space shuttle is traveling at a speed such that its fall to earth matches the curvature of the earth. As a result, it is "falling" to the earth at the same rate that the earth's surface is rotating away, so it stays in orbit.