When you are on earth the gravity is holding down or putting pressure on your vertebrae and then when you are in space i isn't putting any pressure on your vertebrae, so it stretches out an inch or two.
they take there rocket back
they used a module that carried them back
Atlantis was the last space craft that carried astronauts to Space station and back to earth.
It's the same reason you can only see one side of your head when you look in a mirror. The astronauts would need a mirror to see round the back.
Astronauts eject their poop out of their spaceship. It doesn't pollute space so it's better than bringing it back to Earth.
Yes, Possible Maybe
In space during missions and at their training centers while on earth
Most astronauts have to go to the hospital anyways for a check up before they leave for space. Some astronauts get hurt or injured n space and may need to get tothe hospital when they return. When astronauts get back they have an examination too. Astronauts are highly trained, but they are still human and can get sick or injured like anyone else.
Technically they do not live longer and in other ways they do. If an Astronaut spends enough time in space then time to them will flow slower than it would on earth. When astronauts spend time on the ISS they come back younger as time for them has gone by slower. Yes this is a hard concept to explain
Astronauts, Or Cosmonauts if you're Russian, Wear spacesuits in outer space because there is no Oxygen to breathe out in the inky vacuum of space. It is also very cold in space and the suits help keep the astronauts warm,they also offer various facilities for an astronaut. Such as communication devices to speak to each other or to their ship or base back on earth.
There was some (very minor) concern that the astronauts could have brought a previously unknown pathogen (space bug) back with them.
Yes up to 2 inches due to less gravity on their spines. They return back to the mormnal height on earth. It is similar to the effect sleeping has on the spine. On awakening you are 1/2" or so taller than in the evening.