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REF may not be implemented because it is not cost effective - smaller Transformers may be protected by a fuse only, a utility may have standard relays to use at specific voltages that do not include REF, a utility may have had misoperations with REF and feel it is unjustified (instead using a slower ground time overcurrent).

One problem with REF is guarunteeing which way the neutral CT is starred. For CT's on the windings of a transformer, primary current can be pushed in from the windings to verify starring; I don't believe it is a good idea to do this on the neutral. I have set it before but not enabled tripping until a relatively close ground fault occurs on the system where the starring of the neutral can then be verified.

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15y ago

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