Router
There is no difference between a laptop or a desktop when setting up a router. You should use an Ethernet cable when setting up your router, and use the wireless only after it's setup.
It should be, it makes your router a little bit harder to find for people who should not use your router anyway.
You should use so called "Bridge" configuration.
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You should not need to. It is a local device that should not interfere with the router and not be interfered with by the router.
You should be able to use any Cable Router with your Suddenlink service. Keep in mind, that you will need a modem and a router to receive service. Some WiFi devices have both in one unit. You can purchases these devices retail, or Suddenlink leases them as well.
Monitor
it should be in brackets in the back of the router
Yes, you can do that. The printer and cellular router should not interfere with each other. If it is a problem you can route the printer through the router.
A single router, with 2 interfaces, is sufficient.
No router eigrp <AS #> No router ospf <process ID> No router bgp <AS #> No router rip