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What else can I help you with?
Which is the year of the first bone marrow transplant in the US with success?
The first successful bone marrow transplant was in 1973.
What kind of bone marrow transplantuses bone marrow from a doner?
All bone marrow transplants require bone marrow from a donor; the purpose of the transplant is to replace the patient's bone marrow (that no longer works) with some that does work, which clearly cannot come from the patient (since they have none that works). Hence a donor must be used.
How does the bone marrow work with the other parts of the system?
Bone marrow is where red blood cells are made, basically.
How do the bone marrow and skull and back bone and spinal cord work together?
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Bone marrow transplant?
DefinitionA bone marrow transplant delivers healthy bone marrow stem cells into the patient. It replaces bone marrow that is either not working properly or has been destroyed (ablated) by chemotherapy or radiation.Alternative NamesTransplant - bone marrow; Stem cell transplant; Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Reduced intensity, nonmyeloablative transplant; Mini transplant; Allogenic bone marrow transplant; Autologous bone marrow transplant; Umbilical cord blood transplantDescriptionBone marrow is the soft, fatty tissue inside your bones. Stem cells are immature cells in the bone marrow that give rise to all of your blood cells. Your blood is made of:Red blood cells (which carry oxygen to your tissues)White blood cells (which fight infection)Platelets (which help your blood clot)In a bone marrow transplant, you will receive healthy stem cells after your own bone marrow has been destroyed.There are three kinds of bone marrow transplants:Autologous bone marrow transplant. "Auto" means "self." Stem cells are taken from the patient before the patient gets chemotherapy or radiation treatment. When chemotherapy or radiation is done, the patient gets their stem cells back. This is called a "rescue" transplant. It allows the patient to receive high doses of chemotherapy and radiation.Allogeneic bone marrow transplant. "Allo" means "other." Stem cells come from another person, who is called a donor. Donor stem cells come from the donor's bone marrow or their blood. Most times, a donor must have the same genetic typing as the patient, so that their blood "matches" the patient's. Special blood tests will tell whether a possible donor is a good match for the patient. A patient's brothers and sisters have the highest chance of being a good match (25% chance for each full sibling), but sometimes parents and children of the patient and other relatives may be matches. Donors who are not related to the patient may be found through national bone marrow registries.Umbilical cord blood transplant. Stem cells are taken from an umbilical cord right after delivery of an infant. The stem cells are tested, typed, counted, and frozen until they are needed for a transplant. Umbilical cord blood requires less stringent matching because the stems cells are so immature.Many patients get high doses of chemotherapy, radiation, or both, before the bone marrow transplant. This is called ablative (or myeloablative) treatment. It kills any cancer cells that might remain, and it makes room in the bone marrow for the new stem cells to grow.Today, some patients are getting less chemotherapy and radiation before their transplant. This is called a reduced intensity (nonmyeloablative) or "mini" transplant.After the patient gets chemotherapy and radiation, a doctor will do the stem cell transplant. The patient gets the stem cells through a tube called a central venous catheter. The process is similar to receiving a blood transfusion. The cells go right into the bloodstream and find their own way to the bone marrow. Usually, no surgery is required.Donors may have minor surgery to collect their bone marrow and stem cells. For a bone marrow harvest, they will be unconscious and pain-free (under general anesthesia) while their bone marrow is removed from their hip bone. In many cases however, stem cells can be collected right from the blood. The donor will first receive injections for a few days.When receiving stem cells, a patient may have these symptoms:PainChillsFeverHivesChest painDrop in blood pressureShortness of breathNauseaFlushingHeadacheFunny taste in the mouthWhy the Procedure Is PerformedBone marrow or stem cell transplant may be recommended for:Certain cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myelomaIllnesses where the bone marrow does not produce the right kind of or enough cells. Some of these are: Sickle cell anemiaAplastic anemiaThalassemiaCongenital neutropeniaSevere immunodeficiency syndromesRescue transplant to replace bone marrow, when treatment for cancer has destroyed a patient's bone marrowRisksAll bone marrow transplants have risks. The risk is higher or lower depending on many factors. Some of these factors are:What disease you haveWhat type of treatment (chemotherapy, radiation) you have before the bone marrow transplantHow old you areHow healthy you are when you have your transplantHow good a match your donor isWhat type of bone marrow transplant patient you are having (autologous, allogeneic, or umbilical cord blood)Complications you may have are:Infections: These may be very serious.Bleeding: This can happen in the lungs, the intestines, brain, and any other part of the body.AnemiaDiarrhea, nausea, and vomitingPainSevere mucositis (inflammation and soreness) in the mouth, throat, esophagus, and stomachDamage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heartCataractsEarly menopauseGraft failure, which means that the new cells do not settle into the body and start producing stem cellsGraft-versus-host disease: This is when your donor's cells attack your own body. In the first few months after the transplant, symptoms may be a skin rash, diarrhea, or abnormal liver tests. Later, symptoms may be dry eyes or mouth, tightness of the skin, scarring in the lungs, chronic diarrhea, and other problems.Children who get transplants may have delayed growth.Before the ProcedureYour health care provider will ask you about your health record and do a physical exam. You will also have many tests before your treatment begins.Your doctor or nurse should discuss the emotional stress of having a bone marrow transplant. You may want to meet with a mental health counselor talk. Talking with your family and children to help them understand and prepare is important.You will need to make plans for when you have the transplant. Items to consider are:Household choresCare of petsPayment of billsBank or financial statementsSchedules and care for your childrenInsurance coverageArranging medical leave from workAdvanced care directivesYou may need to find housing for yourself or your family near the hospital.Before the transplant, one or two catheters are inserted into larger blood vessels, usually in the neck, for you to receive treatments, fluids, and sometimes nutrition.After the ProcedureBone marrow transplant patients usually go to medical centers, or hospitals, that specialize in this treatment. Most times the patient will stay in a bone marrow transplant unit in the center to limit their chance of getting an infection.Some patients who get autologous or non-myeloablative allogeneic transplants do not have to stay in the hospital or medical center. They can get the transplant as an outpatient.Some patients may have part of their autologous or allogeneic transplant done as an outpatient.Most patients will be in the hospital for 4 to 6 weeks. During this time, you will be isolated and watched closely because of the increased risk of infection.While you are in the hospital, these things may happen:Close monitoring of your blood and vital signsYou may have to take antibiotics, antifungal medications, and antivrial medications to prevent or treat infection.You may need many blood transfusions.You may have to stay in a room where special things are done to prevent infection.You may get calories and proteins through an intravenous (IV) line until you can eat on your own, and until your diarrhea, nausea, or mouth sores have cleared up.You may have to take medicine to prevent graft-versus-host disease.Outlook (Prognosis)How well you do after transplant greatly depends on these things:What type of bone marrow transplant you hadHow well your donor's cells match yoursWhat type of cancer or illness you haveYour age and overall healthWhat type of chemotherapy or radiation therapy you had before your transplantWhat kind of complications happened after the transplantYour genetic make-upPossible results of a bone marrow transplant are complete cure of the illness being treated, a partial cure, or death. Death may be caused by complications of the bone marrow transplant or because the transplant did not work to treat the illness.If the transplant works, you can go back to most of your normal activities as soon as you feel well enough. Most times it takes up to 12 months to recover fully.ReferencesBishop MR, Pavletic SZ. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKena WG, eds. Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 32.Vose JM, Pavletic SZ. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 184.
Does blood formation happen in red or yellow bone marrow?
During later period of prenatal haemopoesis and in during postnatal haemopoesis the blood is formed in red bone marrow.Yellow bone marrow has the ability to reactive itself and become red bone marrow when needed.
What is the work of the bones?
To support the body and prepare blood from its bone marrow.
How is bone marrow cancer best treated?
Bone marrow cancer, also known as multiple myeloma, is a type of cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. Treatment for multiple myeloma is typically individualized based on the stage of the disease, the patient's overall health, and various other factors. Common treatment options for multiple myeloma may include the following: Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy drugs are often used to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells in the bone marrow. Targeted Therapies: Medications like proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib, carfilzomib) and immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., lenalidomide, thalidomide) target specific proteins or pathways in cancer cells to inhibit their growth. Immunotherapy: Immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies (e.g., daratumumab, elotuzumab), enhance the body's immune response to target and destroy cancer cells. Stem Cell Transplantation: Autologous stem cell transplant (using the patient's own stem cells) or allogeneic stem cell transplant (using donor stem cells) may be considered to replace damaged bone marrow with healthy cells. This can be an option for some patients, particularly in cases of more aggressive disease. Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy may be used to target specific areas where the cancer has formed tumors or is causing bone pain. Bisphosphonates: These drugs are used to strengthen bone and reduce the risk of fractures in patients with multiple myeloma, as the disease can weaken the bones. Supportive Care: Managing symptoms and complications is an essential part of treatment. This may include pain management, addressing anemia, and providing medications to manage side effects. Clinical Trials: Participation in clinical trials can provide access to cutting-edge treatments and therapies that are still in the experimental phase. Maintenance Therapy: Some patients may receive ongoing or maintenance therapy to help keep the disease in check and extend periods of remission. Treatment plans are tailored to the individual patient, and they may evolve over time based on the patient's response to therapy and the progression of the disease. It's essential for individuals diagnosed with bone marrow cancer to work closely with a team of healthcare professionals, including hematologists or oncologists, to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for their specific case. Additionally, multiple myeloma is a complex disease, and new treatments and therapies are continually being developed. Therefore, staying informed about the latest advances in multiple myeloma treatment and considering second opinions from specialists are important aspects of managing the condition.
Why are bone marrow aspriations done?
A bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, or both are done to: * Look for the cause of problems with red blood cells, white blood cells, or platelets in people who have conditions such as thrombocytopenia, anemia, or an abnormal white blood cell count. * Find blood disorders, such as leukemia, certain anemias, or problems that affect the bone marrow, such as multiple myeloma or polycythemia vera. * Check to see if a known cancer, such as Hodgkin's lymphoma or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, has spread to the bone marrow. This is part of what is called staging. It is done to find out if the cancer has spread and how much it has spread. This helps plan cancer treatment. Staging can be done for other cancers, such as prostate, breast, or lung cancer that may have spread to the bone. * Find infections or tumors that may start in or spread to the bone marrow. If you have an infection, a culture and sensitivity test of the bone marrow sample may be used to find out which antibiotics will work best to treat the infection. * Find the best treatment for a bone marrow problem. Once treatment has been started, a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy may be done to see if the leukemia cells are gone, which means the treatment is working. * Collect a sample of bone marrow for medical procedures, such as stem cell transplantation or chromosomal analysis.
What hospital is Robin Roberts being treated?
Robin Roberts has had numerous hospital stays, since she was first diagnosed with breast cancer in 2007; later, in 2012, she developed an infectious condition that required a bone marrow transplant. As I write this in early 2014, Roberts is once again in good health and in late 2013, she returned to work at "Good Morning America."
How does bone marrow work with other systems beside the skeletal system?
The bone marrow is one of the main places where the blood cells are created. So it interacts with the cardiovascular (heart and veins) system, because the heart pumps blood. It also interacts with the immune system, because white blood cells fight off disease.
Which type of lymphocytes is formed in the bone marrow?
In many research projects performed, there were findings of 8.6 (+or-) 1.6 % of T lymphocytes found in the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. There was also 15.4 (+ or -) 1.9 % of B lymphocytes found in the total bone marrow lymphocyte pool. There was a remarkable 74.6 (+ or -) 2.4 % of the total pool that had no special marks to identify it as a specific type of lymphocyte. The findings can not be explained nor were they tampered with.
