Explain the functional units of a basic computer with a neat diagram?

Answer 1

The function of the computer motherboard is to act as the main circuit board that connects and communicates to all the devices and components attached. The motherboard also facilitates the communication of devices with each other. Motherboards are designed around the type of central processing unit (CPU) that will be installed. Because motherboards act as the base for all other computer components, the number of PCI slots, USB headers, memory slots, SATA headers, and other slots should be checked ahead of time before building a personal computer

Speed

Measuring the motherboard's speed can be difficult and varies, depending on the CPU attached. A motherboard has a maximum front side bus (FSB) speed, for example, but a CPU with that speed as well must be used. Motherboards have a chipset, which directs the flow of data between the various buses which have attached components; its primary function is to traffic the information to its appropriate destinations. CPU

The CPU is the computer's brain, responsible for taking commands and executing them. CPUs are only compatible with certain motherboards. CPUs attach to the CPU socket on the motherboard, pin side down, and a lever is clamped to hold it down. CPUs have heat sinks to keep from overheating, as well as a fan. When purchasing motherboards or CPUs, they are usually bundled together as a single package.

PCI Slots

Peripheral component interconnect refers to PCI slots, which allow components to be placed directly into the motherboard. There are as many as 10 types of PCI slots available on motherboards, with the larger slots having faster speeds. PCI Slots have speeds of 33 MHz and 66 MHz ,while PCI-Express slots may be as fast as 2.5 GHz. PCI-Express slots are also full-duplex, meaning data is sent and received at the same time.

Graphics Card

A graphics card, or graphics controller, is a device that takes data and converts it into images to be displayed onto a computer monitor. Older graphics cards were plugged into the advanced graphics port (AGP) on the motherboard, while new graphics cards use the PCI-Express slot. High performance cards can be large enough to take up two slots. Even more sophisticated cards allow two identical cards to be linked together, with the use of a scalable link interface (SLI) Bridge.

Other ComponentsMotherboards have external connectors for mouse and keyboard devices, display adapters, and audio jacks, like output and microphone. USB ports also allow USB devices to be plugged into the motherboard, which can take the place of mouse, keyboard and audio devices.

Answer 2

A computer is a fast and accurate device, which can accept data, store data, processthem and give, desired results as output. The computer is organized into four units as shown in the following diagram.

Input Unit:

Any device designed to assist in the entry of data into a computer is known as input device. Input devices convert data from any convenient external format into binary codes that a computer can store and manipulate internally. Some of the most common, most popularly used devices are following.

a) Mouse

b) Light Pen

c) Touch Screen

d) Keyboard

e) Scanner

f) OCR and MICR

g) Bar Code Reader

h) Joy Stick etc.

Output Unit:

Any peripheral device that converts the stored binary coded data into convenient external forms as test and pictures are known as Output device. Some of the most popularly used Output devices are following:

a) Visual Display Unit (Monitor)

b) Printer : Dot Matrix and Impact/Non Impact, Printer, Daisy wheel Printer, Line Printers, Ink-jet, Laser Printer

c) Plotters etc.

Central Processing Unit:

The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the heart of the computer combined

in the sys

with the processing system of a computer. The CPU carries out actions with

information

help of Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU). This is done following a detailed set of

arithmetic instructions written in the main memory. It also uses the main memory for

the memory

temporary storage of information. Through the channels of information

specified t

"Bus", the CPU instructs various parts called device controllers to transfer

data between secondary memory and the main memory. The CPU accepts

the data from the Input unit processes it and gives the result/output to the output device. The data/result can be stored for the use by storing it in the secondary memory. The total operations of the computer is synchronized and controlled by the CPU.

The processing capacity of a computer is measured in terms the amount of data processed by the CPU in one operation. The CPU has three important sub units.

1) Arithmetic-Logic unit

2) Control Unit

3) Memory Unit

Arithmetic-Logic Unit (ALU): The ALU is an electronic circuit used to carry

out the arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication and

division. This unit carries out logical operations like greater than, less than,

be equal to etc. It performs the operation on the data provided by the input devices. A comparison operation allows a program to make decisions based

he on its data input and results of the previous calculations.

Logical operations can be used to determine whether particular statement is re TRUE or FALSE.

The ALU operates on the data available in the main memory and sends them back after processing again to main memory.

Control Unit: The control unit coordinates the activities of all the other units ed in the system. Its main functions are to control the transfer of data and

information between various units and to initiate appropriate actions by the

arithmetic-logic unit. Conceptually, the control unit fetches instructions from the memory, decodes them, and directs them to various units to perform the

on specified tasks.

Memory Unit: The main memory is also called primary memory, is used to store data temporarily. Although, the CPU is the brain behind all the operations in the computer, it needs to be supplied with the data to be processed and the instructions to tell it what to do. Once the CPU has carried out an instruction, it needs the result to be stored. This storage space is provided by the computer's memory. Data provided by the input device, and the result of that processed data is also stored in the memory nit. This main memory is like a scratch pad. The storage capacity of the memory is generally measured in megabytes.

8 Bits = 1 Byte

1024 Bytes= 1 Kilobyte (KB)

1 024 Kilobytes= 1 Megabyte (MB)

1024 Megabytes= 1 Gigabyte (GB)

Different kinds of primary memory are Random Access Memory (RAM) and Read Only Memory (ROM). You can read and write data in RAM but the data is volatile or temporary that is whenever the power is switched off the contents of RAM is lost so its is required to store the data in the secondary memory if the data is required for the future use. But you can only read the data from ROM and you can not write any thing into it and the data is permanent. The manufacturer himself has written the data in it initially.

Secondary Memory:

This is the permanent memory. The data stored in it is permanent. But you can delete the data if you want. There are different kinds of secondary storage devices available. Few of them are Floppy disks, Fixed (hard) disks and Optical disks etc.

a) Floppy Disk

b) Fixed or Hard Disk

c) Optical Disk like: CD (Compact Disk) DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)

d) Magnetic Tape Drive

Answer 3

To use the diagram to explain the functional components of the computer the diagram. Must be shown. Without seeing this a person can not use it to answer the question.

Answer 4

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