No, except at the beginning of a sentence because it is not a proper noun but American should always be capitalized.
No
No.
He had American citizenship.
When reffering to The Doctor, yes.
no NOWAY
Yes
Nope. :)
The books name, that is why it is capitilized
Yes, "Minotaur" should be capitalized as it is a proper noun referring to a specific mythical creature in Greek mythology.
No, not unless you are referring to an organization.
humming bird does not need to be capitalized.
it does not need to be capitilized.