Yes. What's more, they would be referred to collectively as "Jews".
Which is all quite strange, because, perhaps ironically, although most followers of
Judaism are in fact Jews, it is not the following of Judaism or any other individual
practice that defines one as a Jew. It's quite possible to be a Jew without even
knowing it.
Yes. That is the definition is a Jewish person, or a Jew - a follower of Judaism.
One of the key attributes of Judaism is its monotheism. Accepting the Roman gods would have been a violation of that basic principle.
Jewish people, and non-jews who want a more knowledgeable understanding of Judaism and its people.
The Torah is the most treasured possession in Judaism as it is what forms the backbone of Judaism. Without the Torah, there would be no Judaism.
Jewish people would call it apostasy.
Judaism is a congregationalist religion, so there is no central Jewish Synagogue that would be similar to the Vatican for Catholics.
This would refer to the Abrahamic covanent, that the Jewish people have historicaly had with 'Hashiem'.
First, the word "Jewess" is considered out of date, and even offensive by some. Second, one a person converts to Judaism, they are Jewish for life. If they then convert to another religion, they are considered apostates.
No. Jewish tradition would give that title to Abraham.
No, from the Jewish perspective, it would be impossible for HaShem to die as He is not a person.
Judaism is a religious system, and as such can be accepted or rejected. One can become a Jew either by being born to a Jewish parents (or at least a Jewish mother) or by accepting the Jewish faith. A person born Jewish is still "Jewish" in the national sense, even if he does not accept Judaism. On the other hand, a Gentile would not be regarded by the community as a "Jew by Choice" other than by embracing Judaism. Judaism is the traditional religion of the Jewish people, based on the ancient covenant God made with the nation of Israel, but not all the members of the Jewish nation necessarily follow the Jewish religion. Jewish descent is sufficient to make one a Jew, at least (according to current Jewish law) if one's mother is a Jew. Conversion to Judaism also makes one a Jew, according to Judaism. Full conversion is the same as becoming a part of the Jewish people. In fact, if one converts he is given a new name ending in "ben Avraham" which means "son of Abraham," because he is considered to be adopted into that lineage. Of course being born a Jew does not automatically make one an adherent of Judaism, but he is still called a Jew. Perhaps the reason people get so confused about this is that the only word we have for a person who accepts the Jewish religion is the word "Jew" which already means a descendant of Israel.
Followers of religious sects turn to the leaders of their particular religions for guidance and teachings. For example, followers of Hinduism would turn to a Priest; Judaism followers turn to a Rabbi, followers of Buddhism turn to a Monk, followers of Christianity turn to a pastor, priest, minister, elder, or bishop, and Islam followers turn to an Imam.
Under Jewish Religious Law, anyone whose mother is a valid Jew, is always considered to be a Jew. Some Jewish groups discriminate against children who only have a Jewish father. In those groups, if only your father is a Jew, you are not considered to be a full fledged Jew. You would have to go through a Conversion process to become a full fledged Jew. Most Half Jews don't bother going through a Conversion process. If you are a valid Jew, and you accept and practice Christianity, you are still a Jew, but religiously you would be considered a Bad Jew