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Is hydrogen the only element that transfers in acid-based reactions?
Yes, because acid-based reactions require either donating a proton (acid) or accepting a proton (base). Since hydrogen in the only element with one proton and no neutron it is the only element transferred in this type of reaction.
What is the charge on a pronton and neutron?
The chrge on a proton is +1 and a neutron has no charge. The name neutron is based on the word neutral.
Do the designations hydrogen and neutron for the proton and neutron imply that these two praticles are of equal mass?
No, the designations of hydrogen for the proton and neutron for the neutron do not imply that these two particles are of equal mass. A proton is about 1836 times heavier than a neutron. The terms "hydrogen" and "neutron" were historically used to describe these particles based on their properties and roles in atomic structure, rather than their masses.
Why could the neutron not be discovered in same experiments as the electron and proton?
Early experiments were based off attraction. The neutron had no charge to attract or repel or to be attracted or repelled. so these experiments could not figure out that there was a neutral particle in the nucleus.
Neutrons are slightely heavier than protons thus it is impossible for a proton to decay into a neutron. When protons fuse to make deutrium where does the neutron come from?
Hold the phone and let's back up. A proton can transform into a neutron and a neutron can transform into a proton. Both reactions are possible. Really! And some atomic nuclei are prone to undergoing a change based on exactly this idea. It's called beta decay, and it comes in the two "flavors" based on which conversion occurs. Protons collide at high speeds, and can tunnel through their electrostatic repulsion and attach into a di-proton structure with a very small half-life (on the scale of 1*10^-27 seconds). Once attached, there is a small but considerable probability that one proton will emit a beta particle (a positron and a neutrino) and create deuterium.It takes two protons billions of years to form a deuterium nucleus. The resulting energy released as gamma rays (electron-positron annihilation) is what causes the sun to shine, by the way. The only reason so much light is emitted it the sheer size of the sun, and thus the large number of protons.There are many other factors, like the average speed of a proton which relates to the probability that they can even overcome their electrostatic repulsion (because both are positively charged). Also, protons lose a small amount of energy during their deceleration when they come in contact with each other (called Brehmstralung radiation). Take an astrophysics course for the full detail. Neutron capture is a possible, but unobserved phenomena, in which a neutron knocked loose from another reaction could hypothetically collide with a proton, although little energy would be emitted by such a process.
Does electron mean a subatomic particle with a negative charge?
Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles, but have almost no mass. The mass of an electron is about 1/2000 that of a proton or neutron. The neutron is the most massive of the subatomic particles at 1.6755 x 10-24 grams.
Protons are so much more massive than electrons that you can neglect the mass of electrons when determining the mass of an atom?
Atomic mass is based on the proton and neutron. For the most part the mass of an electron is infinitesimally small.
How can you justify that bronsted-lowery concept of acid and base?
The Brønsted-Lowry concept defines an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor, which allows for a broader range of substances to be classified as acids and bases compared to the Arrhenius definition. This concept also explains acid-base reactions involving solvent molecules as proton donors or acceptors without requiring water as the solvent, making it versatile and widely applicable in different chemical systems. Furthermore, the Brønsted-Lowry concept accounts for the transfer of protons in reactions, providing a fundamental understanding of how acids and bases interact.
What is the order of elements based on?
Proton number
The chemical and nuclear properties of atoms are largely independent of each other. true or false?
It is true. The chemical properties of atoms are primarily based on the electron configuration, particularly the number of electrons in the outer or valence shell, while the nuclear properties of atoms are primarily based on the proton/neutron configuration in the nucleus.
Are Quarks about one half the diameter of a proton or neutron?
No. Quarks can be described as "sizeless" because their mass is based on their energy, and even a proton's mass is not exactly equal to the mass of the constituent quarks (gluon mass is involved). The "volume" occupied by a quark (if it existed, uncombined) also varies by quark type.* An upper size limit has been proposed of about 1 x 10^-18 m, that is, less than one thousandth of the diameter of a proton.
How do you calculate the energy output of a thorium subcritical reactor when you know the neutron flux input?
To calculate the energy output of a thorium subcritical reactor when you know the neutron flux input, you would multiply the neutron flux by the energy produced per neutron capture in the thorium fuel. This can be determined based on the specific design and characteristics of the reactor. By knowing the neutron flux input and the energy produced per neutron capture, you can estimate the energy output of the reactor.
