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How do you calculate the energy output of a thorium subcritical reactor when you know the neutron flux input?
To calculate the energy output of a thorium subcritical reactor when you know the neutron flux input, you would multiply the neutron flux by the energy produced per neutron capture in the thorium fuel. This can be determined based on the specific design and characteristics of the reactor. By knowing the neutron flux input and the energy produced per neutron capture, you can estimate the energy output of the reactor.
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How does Thorium produce electricity?
Thorium can produce electricity through a process called nuclear fission. When thorium nuclei absorb a neutron, they can split, releasing energy in the form of heat. This heat is then used to generate steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity.
Common commpouds of thorium?
Hazards and Health Considerations: Thorium presents both a toxic and radiological hazard. Toxicologically, it causes heavy metal poisoning similar to lead or the uranium isotopes. Biologically, thorium accumulates in the skeletal system where it has a biological half-life of 200 years, the same as plutonium. An M 17 protective mask and standard anti-contamination clothing will adequately protect against thorium.
Thorium-234 atomic number 90 the number of neutrons 144 undergo beta decay what is the resulting element?
When thorium-234 undergoes beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, resulting in the formation of protactinium-234, with atomic number 91.
Is thorium emits a beta particle a chemical reaction?
No, thorium emitting a beta particle is a nuclear reaction, not a chemical reaction. In a beta decay process, a neutron in the thorium nucleus converts into a proton, emitting a beta particle (an electron) and an antineutrino. This type of decay is a form of radioactive decay, which is a nuclear process involving changes in the nucleus of an atom.
Can naturally occurring thorium be used as a fuel in N Reactors?
Thorium itself is not a fuel, it does not emit energy. However if it is irradiated in a reactor it forms uranium233 which is a fissile isotope of uranium. Therefore potentially thorium can be used to breed fissile fuel. There are issues around reprocessing however which have not been tackled because the incentive is not there whilst uranium235 is available. Thorium might become important in the future, or for a country which has thorium but not uranium. See link below
Why thorium is not used as fuel in nuclear reactors?
Thorium is and can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. It just happens to be not fissile, so it needs a neutron flux to create Uranium-233, which is fissile. There are pros and cons of using Thorium. For more information, please see the Related Link below.
What is a Thorium Molten Salt Reactor?
A Thorium Molten Salt Reactor is a type of nuclear reactor that uses thorium as a fuel instead of uranium. It operates at high temperatures and uses a liquid fuel mixture of molten salts. One potential advantage of this type of reactor is reduced nuclear waste production compared to traditional reactor designs.
Will thorium fueled reactors be built in the US?
Today any thorium reactor exist in USA.
How does a subcritical reactor work?
A subcritical reactor works by using neutrons from a source outside the reactor, instead of from within. This means that it can operate without being critical or nearly critical. The neutrons are provided by bombarding a spallation target, which could be lead, mercury, bismuth, or some other heavy element, with high energy protons that have been accelerated in a particle accelerator. When such a proton hits a lead atom, it can cause a cascade of high energy neutrons. These are passed into, or even generated within, the reactor itself. In the reactor, the reaction is somewhat different from what goes on in a conventional nuclear reactor. Both have neutron capture and fission going on. But the subcritical reactor does not require a critical mass, and so the radioactive materials in it can all be exposed to neutrons continually without any need to remove them for refuelling as the lead medium and lead produced can be distilled out gradually while new fuel is added. The result is that the waste is almost entirely made up of radiologically inert materials. Thorough computer modelling has been done, and reveals that the electrical power needed to drive a reactor of 650 mW electrical output is about 65 mW. The fuel can be thorium, uranium, or nuclear waste, and there is enough thorium to provide power for millennia, if things work as projected. Also, the reactor itself cannot melt down, and cannot be used to make bombs. But it may give us the ability to consume, and render inert, our nuclear waste. No plant of this type has yet been built. There are a number of plants in planning, and a realistic hope that they will work.
What is the working principle of thorium based fast breeder reactor?
thorium is breed to make uranium-233 fuel
In a breeder reactor a. Plutonium is converted into uranium or b. Uranium is converted into plutonium?
Uranium. A breeder reactor can use either Uranium, Plutonium, or mixed Transuranic elements for fuel. Depleted Uranium or Thorium is used as the breeding blanket. Periodically the breeding blanket is changed: the old one reprocessed to make new fuel.
Why is it nuclear power plants will not used other elements in the periodic table except for uranium plutonium and thorium as fuel in the reactor?
reactors cannot operate on fuel that is unable to support a neutron chain reaction in at least one of its isotopes.actually all the transuranic elements, not just plutonium, make excelent reactor fuel.
Which elements are used for nuclear reactors in India?
Uranium. There is some interest in using thorium in the future. Thorium cannot be used directly as fuel in a reactor as it does not fission, it requires a fast breeder reactor to convert it to Uranium-233 which does fission.
When will Stephen Harper invest in Thorium Molten Salt Reactor research?
He will invest in 2018.
What can happen to Thorium if it absorbs a neutron?
Absorbing a neutron and emitting a gamma photon Th-232 become U-233.
Why cant thorium be used as energy to power up individual homes?
Thorium is not a fissile material. And for fissile materials - is impossible to have a nuclear reactor in each home.
What is Thorium breeder reacter?
In this type of nuclear reactor the fertile isotope thorium-232 is transformed in the fissile isotope uranium-233 and this act as a nuclear fuel.
