Absorbing a neutron and emitting a gamma photon Th-232 become U-233.
When U-238 absorbs a fast neutron it forms plutonium-239
To calculate the energy output of a thorium subcritical reactor when you know the neutron flux input, you would multiply the neutron flux by the energy produced per neutron capture in the thorium fuel. This can be determined based on the specific design and characteristics of the reactor. By knowing the neutron flux input and the energy produced per neutron capture, you can estimate the energy output of the reactor.
In beta decay of thorium-234, a neutron in the nucleus of thorium-234 is transformed into a proton, releasing an electron (beta particle) and an antineutrino. This process converts the thorium-234 nucleus into protactinium-234.
Thorium is and can be used as a fuel in nuclear reactors. It just happens to be not fissile, so it needs a neutron flux to create Uranium-233, which is fissile. There are pros and cons of using Thorium. For more information, please see the Related Link below.
Thorium can produce electricity through a process called nuclear fission. When thorium nuclei absorb a neutron, they can split, releasing energy in the form of heat. This heat is then used to generate steam, which drives a turbine connected to a generator to produce electricity.
Common compounds of thorium: thorium dioxide, thorium trifluoride, thorium tetrafluoride, thorium tetrachloride, thorium triiodide, thorium diiodide, thorium tetraiodide, thorium nitrate, thorium oxalate, thorium carbide, thorium sulfides, thorium nitride, thorium oxinate, etc.
When it absorbs UV light, it decomposes. It also replenishes it.
Uranium-235
Thorium and fluorine Thorium trifluoride - ThF3 Thorium tetrafluoride - ThF4
When thorium-234 undergoes beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton, resulting in the formation of protactinium-234, with atomic number 91.
Hazards and Health Considerations: Thorium presents both a toxic and radiological hazard. Toxicologically, it causes heavy metal poisoning similar to lead or the uranium isotopes. Biologically, thorium accumulates in the skeletal system where it has a biological half-life of 200 years, the same as plutonium. An M 17 protective mask and standard anti-contamination clothing will adequately protect against thorium.
If water absorbs a large amount of energy it boils.