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Here is a brief glossary of legal terms associated with bankruptcy and debts which can help readers understand some of the common legal terms associated with the bankruptcy process.

A: Automatic Stay: An automatic stay is the court order issued by a bankruptcy court that stops debt collection attempts which are made against someone who files for bankruptcy protection.

Avoidance: Avoidance is a legal term that describes the ability of debtors to avoid certain types of liens that make it difficult for the debtor to claim an exemption used in the bankruptcy process.

B: Bankruptcy Code: The Bankruptcy Code is the set of state and Federal Laws which govern the bankruptcy process. Debtors use certain chapters, or sections, of the Bankruptcy Code to petition for bankruptcy relief.

C: Chapter 7: Chapter 7 is the section of the Bankruptcy Code which allows consumers to sell everything that is legally allowed to be sold to satisfy creditors’ claims.

Chapter 13: Chapter 13 is the section of the Bankruptcy Code which allows individuals to set up payment plans to pay back at least a part of their debts back to their creditors over a 3 to 5 year period.

Collateral: The property that is used to satisfy a lien is called collateral.

Confirmation: The legal process by which debtors agree to repay a debt that is dischargeable in a bankruptcy is called confirmation.

D: (To) Discharge: The discharge process is the legal process that is used to eliminate a debt during the bankruptcy process.

E:

Exemptions: Exemptions are special concessions that debtors can use to protect various personal items from their creditors.

L: Lien: A lien is a legal interest in a piece of real estate or personal property that is used to secure a debt.

M: Means Test: The means test is an initial process used to determine if a consumer qualifies for bankruptcy relief. Some debtors may be excused from taking the means test if they meet certain requirements.

Meeting of Creditors: A meeting of creditors is a formal legal proceeding that is used to review the debtor’s petition for bankruptcy relief.

P: Petition: A petition is the formal legal process by which debtors ask for bankruptcy relief. A petition is also the set of formal documents used to process a bankruptcy case.

S: Schedules: Schedules are the formal documents that list all of the debtor’s assets and liabilities.

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