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Acute kidney failure occurs when the kidneys are suddenly unable to perform their normal functions. Healthy kidneys are responsible for eliminating extra electrolytes and fluids from the bloodstream. In the event of kidney failure, hazardous levels of this waste contaminate the body's blood.

Symptoms of Kidney Failure

Some episodes of kidney failure cause no symptoms, but most patients do experience effects. Common symptoms of kidney failure may include chest pain, fatigue, nausea, drowsiness, fluid retention, swollen limbs, a decrease in urine production, seizures and shortness of breath.

Causes of Kidney Failure

Kidney failure can occur for many reasons. Sometimes, damage to the kidneys can cause them to stop functioning properly. Failure can also be caused by certain health conditions and diseases. Common causes of kidney failure may include allergic reactions, infection, cirrhosis of the liver, blood loss, heart attack, cardiovascular disease, blood clots, medications, lupus, scleroderma, high levels of toxins like alcohol or cocaine, multiple myeloma or glomerulonephritis. Bladder cancer, prostate cancer, nerve damage, Cervical cancer and colon cancer can also cause kidney failure.

Complications Due to Kidney Failure

Kidney failure is a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention. The condition may result in permanent damage to the kidneys. Left untreated, kidney failure can lead to death.

Diagnosing Kidney Failure

A doctor can perform various tests to diagnose kidney failure and its cause. Urine tests and urine output analysis are typically the first tests performed. A blood test can be used to determine levels of creatinine and urea in the blood. High levels of these substances usually indicate kidney failure. Additionally, doctors may use ultrasounds or CT scans to get a more complete look at the kidneys. Lastly, doctors may perform a kidney biopsy to exam the organ's tissues.

Treatment for Kidney Failure

For the best outcome, treatment must begin early. Patients may receive intravenous fluids to regulate the amount of fluid in the bloodstream or may be given medications to limit the amount of potassium in the blood. Dialysis may also be performed to purge the blood of toxins.

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