Barium enema is a special x-ray of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum.
Alternative NamesLower gastrointestinal series; Lower GI series
How the test is performedThis test may be done in a doctor's office or hospital radiology department. It is done after the colon is completely empty. Your doctor will give you instructions on how to empty the colon.
You will lie flat on your back on the x-ray table and an x-ray will be taken.
A small balloon at the tip of the enema tube may be inflated to help keep the barium inside your colon. The health care provider will monitor the flow of the barium on an x-ray fluoroscope screen, which is like a TV monitor.
There are two types of barium enemas:
You will be asked to move into different positions and the table will be slightly tipped to get different views. At certain times when the x-ray pictures are taken, you will hold your breath and be still for a few seconds so the images won't be blurry.
The enema tube will be removed after the pictures are taken. You will be given a bedpan or helped to the toilet, so you can empty your bowels and remove as much of the barium as possible. One or two x-rays may be taken after you use the bathroom.
How to prepare for the testYou must completely empty your bowels before the exam. This may be done using an enema or laxatives combined with a clear liquid diet. Your health care provider will give you specific instructions. Thorough cleaning of the large intestine is necessary for accurate pictures.
How the test will feelWhen barium enters your colon, you may feel like you need to have a bowel movement. You may also have a feeling of fullness, moderate to severe cramping, and general discomfort. Try to take long, deep breaths during the procedure. This may help you relax.
Why the test is performedThe barium enema is used to detect colon cancer, although it is used much less often than in the past.
It may also be used to diagnose and evaluate the extent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or other bowel disease.
Normal ValuesBarium should fill the colon evenly, showing normal bowel shape and position and no blockages.
What abnormal results meanAbnormal test results may be a sign of:
Other conditions under which the test may be performed:
What the risks areThere is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the smallest amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to x-ray risks.
A more serious risk is a perforated colon, which is very rare.
Special considerationsColonoscopy is another way to diagnose and monitor diseases in the colon.
ReferencesBresalier RS. Colorectal cancer. In: Fedlman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2010:chap 123.
Pickhardt PJ. Diagnostic imaging procedures in gastroenterology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 135.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 12/14/2010
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Barium enema is a special x-ray of the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum.
Alternative NamesLower gastrointestinal series; Lower GI series
How the test is performedThis test may be done in an office or a hospital radiology department. It is done after the colon is completely empty. Your doctor will give you instructions how to do this.
You lie flat on your back on the x-ray table and a preliminary x-ray is taken. You will then be told to lie on your side. The health care provider will gently insert a well-lubricated tube (enema tube) into your rectum. The tube is connected to a bag that holds a liquid containing barium sulfate. It is placed in the rectum. The liquid is a type of contrast. Contrast highlights specific areas in the body, creating a clearer image. The barium flows into your colon, and eventually passes out of the body with the stools.
A small balloon at the tip of the enema tube may be inflated to help keep the barium inside your colon. The health care provider monitors the flow of the barium on an x-ray fluoroscope screen, which is like a TV monitor.
There are two types of barium enemas:
You are asked to move into different positions and the table is slightly tipped to get different views. At certain times when the x-ray pictures are taken, you hold your breath and are still for a few seconds so the images won't be blurry.
The enema tube is removed after the pictures are taken. You will be given a bedpan or helped to the toilet, so you can empty your bowels and remove as much of the barium as possible. One or two x-rays may be taken after you use the bathroom.
How to prepare for the testYou must completely empty your bowels before the exam. This may be done using an enema or laxatives combined with a clear liquid diet. Your health care provider will give you specific instructions. Thorough cleaning of the large intestine is necessary for accurate pictures.
How the test will feelWhen barium enters your colon, you may feel like you need to have a bowel movement. You may also have a feeling of fullness, moderate to severe cramping, and general discomfort. Try to take long, deep breaths during the procedure. This may help you relax.
Why the test is performedThe barium enema is used to detect colon cancer. It may also be used to diagnose and evaluate the extent of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or other bowel disease.
Normal ValuesBarium should fill the colon evenly, showing normal bowel shape and position and no blockages.
What abnormal results meanAbnormal test results may be a sign of:
Additional conditions under which the test may be performed:
What the risks areThere is low radiation exposure. X-rays are monitored and regulated to provide the smallest amount of radiation exposure needed to produce the image. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits. Pregnant women and children are more sensitive to the risks of the x-ray.
A more serious risk is a perforated colon, which is very rare.
Special considerationsColonoscopy is another way to diagnose and monitor diseases in the colon.
ReferencesPickhardt PJ. Diagnostic imaging procedures in gastroenterology. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 135.
A barium enema may be performed for a variety of reasons, including to aid in the diagnosis of colon and rectal cancer (or colorectal cancer ), and inflammatory disease
A barium enema can run up to 2500 ML, an air contrast BE about 1,000 ML
Uncomfortable.
The decision to perform a barium enema is based on a person's history of altered bowel habits
Barium enema, and Fleet enema
Barium Enema
nothing
No
A barium compound used during a barium enema to block the passage of x rays during the exam
A laxative, to get rid of any barium left.
74270
The double-contrast barium enema is the best method for detecting small tumors (such as polyps), early inflammatory disease, and bleeding caused by ulcers
I have my colonoscopy last July 2009, can i do it again