Blood typing is a method to tell what specific type of blood you have. What type you have depends on whether or not there are certain proteins, called antigens, on your red blood cells.
Blood is often grouped according to the ABO blood typing system. This method breaks blood types down into four categories:
Your blood type (or blood group) depends on the types that are been passed down to you from your parents.
Alternative NamesCross matching; Rh typing; ABO blood typing
How the test is performedBlood is drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The puncture site is cleaned with a germ-killing product. An elastic band is placed around the upper arm to apply pressure, which causes the vein to swell with blood.
A needle is inserted into the vein, and the blood is collected into a tube. During the procedure, the elastic band is removed to restore circulation. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and a band-aid or gauze is applied.
In infants or young children, the area is cleansed with antiseptic and punctured with a sharp needle or a lancet. The blood may be collected in a pipette (small glass tube), on a slide, onto a test strip, or into a small container. A bandage may be applied if there is any bleeding.
The test to determine your blood group is called ABO typing. Your blood sample is mixed with antibodies against type A and B blood, and the sample is checked to see whether or not the blood cells stick together (agglutinate). If blood cells stick together, it means the blood reacted with one of the antibodies.
The second step is called back typing. The liquid part of your blood without cells (serum) is mixed with blood that is known to be type A and type B. Persons with type A blood have anti-B antibodies, and those with type B blood have anti-A antibodies. Type O blood contains both types of antibodies. These two steps can accurately determine your blood type.
Blood typing is also done to tell whether or not you have a substance called Rh factor on the surface of your red blood cells. If you have this substance, you are considered Rh+ (positive). Those without it are considered Rh- (negative). Rh typing uses a method similar to ABO typing.
How to prepare for the testNo special preparation is necessary for this test.
How the test will feelSome people have discomfort when the needle is inserted. Others may only feel a tiny prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing or a bruise may develop.
Why the test is performedThis test is done to determine a person's blood type. Health care providers need to know your blood type when you get a blood transfusion or transplant, because not all blood types are compatible with each other. For example:
Type O blood can be given to anyone with any blood type. That is why people with type O blood are called universal blood donors.
Blood typing is especially important during pregnancy. If the mother is found to be Rh-, the father should also be tested. If the father has Rh+ blood, the mother needs to receive a treatment to help prevent the development of substances that may harm the unborn baby. See: Rh incompatibility
If you are Rh+, you can receive Rh+ or Rh- blood. If you are Rh-, you can only receive Rh- blood.
Normal ValuesABO typing:
If your blood cells stick together when mixed with:
If your blood cells do not stick together when anti-A and anti-B are added, you have type O blood.
Back typing:
Lack of blood cells sticking together when your sample is mixed with both types of blood indicates you have type AB blood.
RH typing:
Risks associated with taking blood may include:
There are many antigens besides the major ones (A, B, and Rh). Many minor ones are not routinely detected during blood typing. If they are not detected, you may still have a reaction when receiving certain types of blood, even if the A, B, and Rh antigens are matched.
A process called cross-matching followed by a Coombs' test can help detect these minor antigens and is routinely done prior to transfusions, except in emergency situations.
ReferencesGoodnough LT. Transfusion medicine. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 183.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 02/05/2010
David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
absolutley nothing red blood cells contain no DNA
you ask my dad because i have no idea!
A complex testing for blood transfusion is called cross-matching. Otherwise, simple fingerpricks can also determine which blood type a person has. And if someone knows their biology well, they can put a sample of their own blood under a microscope and as long as they know what to look for, they can identify their blood type.
Negative and Positive blood types refer to the presence of the Rhesus D (RhD) antigen. Rhesus is the second main blood group typing after the A,B,O system. e.g. AB+ means the blood cells have A and B and RhD antigens present on the blood cell surface. O- means that A and B and RhD antigens are not present on the surface of the blood cell.
We do not know, the Prophet lived before blood group typing was known about.
Who was the inventor of blood typing?
How many phenotypes exist for this mrthod of blood typing
Well you have to do blood typing.
No. Blood typing is figuring out what blood type you are, such as A, B, O, etc. You must first give a sample of your blood and it can be typed in a lab.
In both simulated and actual human blood typing, there is an antigen-antibody reaction. A simulated agglutination reaction shows up the antigen.
blood transfusion :)
They're not, they are blood typing.
Blood typing.
multiple allels
In the book, it's supposed to be Claire De Lune by Debussy, but the blood typing scene isn't included in the movie.
The American Red Cross can give you most of the information you need. They have all the information on blood typing and diets needed for a healthy lifestyle.
People who want a career in blood typing should look at Forensic Serology. Some other options include Hematology, Pathology or Toxicology.