Malignant hypertension is a sudden and rapid development of extremely high blood pressure. The lower (diastolic) blood pressure reading, which is normally around 80 mmHg, is often above 130 mmHg.
Alternative NamesAccelerated hypertension; Arteriolar nephrosclerosis; Nephrosclerosis - arteriolar; Hypertension - malignant; High blood pressure - malignant
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe disorder affects about 1% of people with high blood pressure, including both children and adults. It is more common in younger adults, especially African American men. It also occurs in women with toxemia of pregnancy, and persons with kidney disorders or collagen vascular disorders.
You are at high risk for malignant hypertension if you have had kidney failure or renal hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis.
SymptomsMalignant hypertension is a medical emergency.
A physical exam commonly shows:
An eye examination will reveal changes that indicate high blood pressure, including swelling of the optic nerve, retinal bleeding, narrowing of the blood vessels in the eye area, or other problems with the retina.
If not already present, kidney failure may develop as a complication of malignant hypertension. Other complications may also develop.
Tests to determine damage to the kidneys may include:
A chest x-raymay show lung congestion and an enlarged heart.
This disease may also alter the results of the following tests:
You will need to stay in the hospital until the severe high blood pressure is under control. Medications will be given through a vein to reduce your blood pressure. If there is fluid in your lungs, you will be given medicines called diuretics, which help the body remove fluid. Your doctor will consider giving you medications to protect the heart if there is evidence of heart damage.
After the severe high blood pressure is brought under control, blood pressure medicines taken by mouth can control the hypertension. Your medication may need to be adjusted occasionally. Hypertension can be difficult to control.
Expectations (prognosis)Many body systems are in serious risk due to the extreme rise in blood pressure. Multiple organs of the body, including the brain, eyes, blood vessels, heart, and kidneys may be damaged. The blood vessels of the kidney are highly susceptible to damage caused by pressure, and kidney failure may develop, which may be permanent, requiring dialysis (kidney machine).
If treated promptly, malignant hypertension is often controlled without permanent complications. If it is not treated promptly, complications may be severe and life-threatening.
ComplicationsGo to the emergency room or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if symptoms of malignant hypertension develop. This is an emergency condition.
Call your health care provider if you know you have poorly controlled high blood pressure.
PreventionIf you have high blood pressure, carefully monitoring your blood pressure and taking your medicines properly help to reduce the risk. Eat a healthy diet, one that is low in salt and low in fat.
ReferencesBadr KF, Brenner BM. Vascular injury to the kidney. In: Fauci A , Kasper D, Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008:chap 280.
Malignant hypertension is very high blood pressure that comes on suddenly and quickly. The lower (diastolic) blood pressure reading, which is normally around 80 mmHg, is often above 130 mmHg.
Alternative NamesAccelerated hypertension; Arteriolar nephrosclerosis; Nephrosclerosis - arteriolar; Hypertension - malignant; High blood pressure - malignant
Causes, incidence, and risk factorsThe disorder affects about 1% of people with high blood pressure, including both children and adults. It is more common in younger adults, especially African-American men.
It also occurs in people with:
You are at high risk for malignant hypertension if you have had:
Malignant hypertension is a medical emergency.
A physical exam commonly shows:
An eye examination will reveal changes that indicate high blood pressure, including:
Kidney failure, as well as other complications, may develop.
Tests to determine damage to the kidneys may include:
A chest x-raymay show congestion in the lung and an enlarged heart.
This disease may also affect the results of the following tests:
You will need to stay in the hospital until the severe high blood pressure is under control. Medications will be given through a vein to reduce your blood pressure.
If there is fluid in your lungs, you will be given medicines called diuretics, which help the body remove fluid. Your doctor will consider giving you medications to protect the heart if there is evidence of heart damage.
After the severe high blood pressure is brought under control, blood pressure medicines taken by mouth can control blood pressure. Your medication may need to be changed sometimes. High blood pressure can be difficult to control.
Expectations (prognosis)Many body systems are at serious risk from the extreme rise in blood pressure. Many organs, including the brain, eyes, blood vessels, heart, and kidneys may be damaged.
The blood vessels of the kidney are very likely to be damaged by pressure. Kidney failure may develop, which may be permanent and need dialysis(kidney machine).
If treated right away, malignant hypertension can often be controlled without causing permanent problems. If it is not treated right away, complications may be severe and life-threatening.
ComplicationsGo to the emergency room or call your local emergency number (such as 911) if you have symptoms of malignant hypertension. This is an emergency condition and it can be life-threatening.
Call your health care provider if you know you have poorly controlled high blood pressure.
PreventionIf you have high blood pressure, carefully monitor your blood pressure and take your medicines properly to help reduce the risk. Eat a healthy diet that is low in salt and fat.
ReferencesBadr KF, Brenner BM. Vascular injury to the kidney. In: Fauci A , Kasper D, Longo DL, et al, eds. Harrison's Principals of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2008:chap 280.
Shayne P, Stettner E. Hypertension. In: Wolfson AB, Hendey GW, Ling LJ, et al, eds. Harwood-Nuss' Clinical Practice of Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009:chap 89.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 04/01/2011
Jacob L. Heller, MD, MHA, Emergency Medicine, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Malignant hypertension is not cancerous.
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Essential hypertensionBenign essential hypertensionBenign essential hypertension401.1 Benign (for Hypertension)401.0 Malignant (for Hypertension)
Malignant hypertension causes death in approximately 30% of cases
malignant hypertension
d. condition related to high blood pressure
Yoga and meditation. Stimulate the parasympathetic system via acupuncture.
Yes. You have higher than normal blood pressure in Cushing's syndrome. The adrenal medulla is directly responsible for malignant hypertension, as in Pheochromocytoma..
If you have been diagnosed with hypertension (consistently high blood pressure) and have been put on antihypertensive medication, discontinuing it without a doctor's supervision could cause the hypertension to recur, or even cause an episode of malignant hypertension, which can be life-threatening. If your blood pressure is consistently below normal, notify your doctor so he can adjust your medication if needed.
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessel, and is one of the principal vital signs. Arterial hypertension or hypertension or high BP can be an indicator of other problems and may have long-term adverse effects. Sometimes it can be an acute problem, for example hypertensive emergency. Types of hypertension usually are primary and secondary, in that alcohol induced, medication induced, pregnancy induced, isolated systolic, isolated diastolic, white coat hypertension (BP due to stress) and malignant hypertension or hypertension emergency are present. In medicine, pulmonary hypertension (PH or PHT) is an increase in blood pressure in the pulmonary artery, pulmonary vein, or pulmonary capillaries, together known as the lung vasculature, leading to SOB, dizziness, fainting, and other symptoms, all of which are exacerbated by exertion. Pulmonary hypertension can be a severe disease with a markedly decreased exercise tolerance and heart failure. So both are different terms.
There is no specific amount of time for malignant tendencies to turn malignant. If they are going to become malignant, they will usually do so within months.