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Serum globulin electrophoresis is a laboratory test that looks at proteins called globulins in the blood.
See also:
Alternative NamesGlobulin electrophoresis
How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.
The blood sample is sent to a lab. The fluid part of blood (serum) is placed on specially treated paper and exposed to an electric current. The proteins move on the paper to form bands that show the amount of each protein fraction in relation to the other protein fractions.
How to prepare for the testFast for 4 hours before the test. The health care provider may advise you to stop taking drugs that can interfere with the test. Do NOT stop taking any medications without first telling your health care provider.
Drugs that can affect the measurement of serum proteins include chlorpromazine, corticosteroids, isoniazid, neomycin, phenacemide, salicylates, sulfonamides, and tolbutamide.
How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedThis test is performed to look at globulin proteins in the blood. Identifying the types of globulins can help diagnose certain disorders.
Globulins are roughly divided into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Gamma globulines include various types of antibodies such as immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G, and A.
Certain diseases are associated with overproduction of immunoglobulins. For example, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is a cancer of certain white blood cell that is associated with the overproduction IgM antibodies.
Normal Values- Serum globulin: 2.0 to 3.5 g/dL
- IgM component: 75 to 300 mg/dL
- IgG component: 650 to 1850 mg/dL
- IgA component: 90 to 350 mg/dL
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
What abnormal results meanIncreased gamma globulin proteins may indicate:
- Acuteinfection
- Chronicinflammatory disease (for example, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Hyperimmunization
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
McPherson R. Specific proteins. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2006:chap 19.
Tricot G. Multiple Myeloma. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 87.
Wiki User
∙ 13y ago
Wiki User
∙ 12y agoSerum globulin electrophoresis is a laboratory test that looks at proteins called globulins in the blood.
See also:
Alternative NamesGlobulin electrophoresis
How the test is performedBlood is typically drawn from a vein, usually from the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic band around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area and make the vein swell with blood.
Next, the health care provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight vial or tube attached to the needle. The elastic band is removed from your arm.
Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed, and the puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.
In infants or young children, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin and make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube called a pipette, or onto a slide or test strip. A bandage may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.
The blood sample is sent to a lab. The fluid part of blood (serum) is placed on specially treated paper and exposed to an electric current. The proteins move on the paper to form bands that show the amount of each protein fraction in relation to the other protein fractions.
How to prepare for the testFast for 4 hours before the test. The health care provider may advise you to stop taking drugs that can interfere with the test. Do NOT stop taking any medications without first telling your health care provider.
Drugs that can affect the measurement of serum proteins include chlorpromazine, corticosteroids, isoniazid, neomycin, phenacemide, salicylates, sulfonamides, and tolbutamide.
How the test will feelWhen the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.
Why the test is performedThis test is performed to look at globulin proteins in the blood. Identifying the types of globulins can help diagnose certain disorders.
Globulins are roughly divided into three groups: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Gamma globulines include various types of antibodies such as immunoglobulins (Ig) M, G, and A.
Certain diseases are associated with overproduction of immunoglobulins. For example, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is a cancer of certain white blood cell that is associated with the overproduction IgM antibodies.
Normal Values- Serum globulin: 2.0 to 3.5 g/dL
- IgM component: 75 to 300 mg/dL
- IgG component: 650 to 1850 mg/dL
- IgA component: 90 to 350 mg/dL
Note: Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of your specific test results.
The examples above show the common measurements for results for these tests. Some laboratories use different measurements or may test different specimens.
What abnormal results meanIncreased gamma globulin proteins may indicate:
- Acuteinfection
- Chronicinflammatory disease (for example, rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus)
- Hyperimmunization
- Multiple myeloma
- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
There is very little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.
Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include:
- Excessive bleeding
- Fainting or feeling light-headed
- Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
- Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
McPherson R. Specific proteins. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods. 21st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders; 2006:chap 19.
Tricot G. Multiple Myeloma. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SS, et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles and Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 87.
Reviewed ByReview Date: 03/21/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; James R. Mason, MD, Oncologist, Director, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program and Stem Cell Processing Lab, Scripps Clinic, Torrey Pines, California.
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Define the terms antibody immunoglobulin and gamma-globulin?
Gamma globulins are a class of globulins, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. The most significant gamma globulins are immunoglobulins ("Igs"), more commonly known as antibodies, although some Igs are not gamma globulins, and some gamma globulins are not IgsRead more: gamma-globulin
What is pooled serum human globulin and what type of immunity might this confer?
Pooled human serum globulin is antibodies (or antitoxins) found in our blood. When administered to a patient after exposure to Hepatitis A it is a type of Artificially acquired passive immunity.
What is serum sickness?
Serum sickness is a type of delayed allergic response, appearing four to 10 days after exposure to some antibiotics or antiserum, the portion of serum that contains antibodies, such as gamma globulin.
Why is destaining done after staining in agarose gel serum electrophoresis?
To remove extra Etbr and higher background fluorescence.
How long does it take to get results from serum protein electrophoresis test?
According to webmd.com, it takes 2-3 days.
Immunity produced by the injection of gamma globulin is known as?
Passive immunity. Active immunity is when antibody is produced after being infected by a disease.
What causes plasma cells to produce antibodies?
Yes. Blood plasma is blood serum with the fibrinogens. Serum includes all proteins not used in blood clotting (coagulation) and all the electrolytes, antibodies, antigens, hormones, and any exogenous substances (e.g., drugs and microorganisms).
Ag ratio on lab test means?
The ratio of albumin to globulin in blood serum, plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine. Albumin-globulin=AG ratio. Normal adult ranges are as follows: Albumin is 3.5-5; Globulin is 2.6-4.6 which makes the normal range for the ratio 0.8-2.0.
What are causes of immunogloblin blood count over 850?
A high globulin count is caused by chronic infections, chronic inflammation as in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune syndromes such as lupus, multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, reports Patient. Liver cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome can cause an elevated globulin serum ratio by decreasing serum albumin levels
How do you cure agammaglobulinemia?
You can't. The best you can do it give injections of gamma globulin, the serum (blood) protein fraction that contains antibodies and so helps to fight infection.
Some viva voce questions for electrophoresis?
1. WHAT IS ELECTROPHORESIS AND WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANTAPPLICATIONS OF ELECTROPHORESIS?Ans. Movement of charged particle in the electric field either towards cathode or anode whensubjected to an electric current is called electrophoresis.The following factors influence the movement of particles during the electrophoresis.(a) Electric current.(b) Net charge of the particle.(c) Size and shape of the particle.(d) Type of supporting media.(e) Buffer solution.Important Applications of ElectrophoresisThe technique of electrophoresis is used to separate and identify the(i) Serum proteins(ii) Serum lipoproteins(iii) Blood hemoglobins2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS?Ans. (a) Moving boundary electrophoresis: This technique was first introduced by TISELIUS in 1937(b) Zone electrophoresis: In this type of electrophoresis different types of supporting mediaare used. These are;(a) Paper electrophoresis(i) Whatman filter paper(ii) Cellulose acetate(b) Gel electrophoresis(i) Agarose.(ii) Polyacrylamide gel (used for the separation of isoenzymes).(iii) SDS-PAGE.(iv) Iso-electric focussing (proteins seperated in a medium possessing a stable pH gradient).(v) Immuno electrophoresis (for the separation of immunoglobulins).
What is the purpose of immunoelectrophoresis?
Immunoelectrophoresis aids in the diagnosis and evaluation of the therapeutic response in many disease states affecting the immune system. It is usually requested when a different type of electrophoresis, called a serum protein.
