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1. WHAT IS ELECTROPHORESIS AND WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT
APPLICATIONS OF ELECTROPHORESIS?
Ans. Movement of charged particle in the electric field either towards cathode or anode when
subjected to an electric current is called electrophoresis.
The following factors influence the movement of particles during the electrophoresis.
(a) Electric current.
(b) Net charge of the particle.
(c) Size and shape of the particle.
(d) Type of supporting media.
(e) Buffer solution.
Important Applications of Electrophoresis
The technique of electrophoresis is used to separate and identify the
(i) Serum proteins
(ii) Serum lipoproteins
(iii) Blood hemoglobins
2. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ELECTROPHORESIS?
Ans. (a) Moving boundary electrophoresis: This technique was first introduced by TISELIUS in 1937
(b) Zone electrophoresis: In this type of electrophoresis different types of supporting media
are used. These are;
(a) Paper electrophoresis
(i) Whatman filter paper(ii) Cellulose acetate
(b) Gel electrophoresis
(i) Agarose.
(ii) Polyacrylamide gel (used for the separation of isoenzymes).
(iii) SDS-PAGE.
(iv) Iso-electric focussing (proteins seperated in a medium possessing a stable pH gradient).
(v) Immuno electrophoresis (for the separation of immunoglobulins).
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