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Pneumonia is an infection caused by, fungi, bacteria, or viruses that affects one or both of the lungs. Years ago, before antibiotics, pneumonia could easily cause death. These days three million cases of pneumonia are diagnosed every year. The particular symptoms help doctors determine which type of pneumonia they are dealing with and what the organism causing the infection is.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of pneumonia resemble some of the symptoms of a cold or the flu; so many people do not realize that they have something more serious. In fact, pneumonia often starts because of an upper respiratory infection like a cold or the flu. The most common symptoms of pneumonia that is caused by bacteria are:

•A cough that may produce mucus in the lungs. This mucus can be green or a rusty color and may be spotted with blood.

•Fever (fever is not as common a symptom in older adults)

•Chills and shaking

•Shortness of breath and fast, shallow breathing

•Pain in the chest that may be worse when coughing or taking deep breaths

•Rapid heartbeat

•Fatigue and weakness

•Muscle soreness

•Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

If the infection is located in the part of the lung that is the farthest away from the airways, coughing may not be a major symptom of pneumonia. Some people with the disease even get discolored skin - either dusky or purple-colored. This occurs when there is not enough oxygen in the blood.

If something other than bacteria is the cause, the symptoms may be slightly different and include fever, cough, shortness of breath, but very little mucus when coughing. With this type of pneumonia, the symptoms often come on more slowly and are not as apparent or severe as with the bacterial type of pneumonia. In fact, because the symptoms of non-bacterial pneumonia are so mild, many people do not even realize they are sick. That is why doctors often refer to this type of the disease as “walking pneumonia.”

For children and babies the only symptoms that may be present are fever and lethargy and the general feeling of being sick. It may often take blood tests and chest x-rays to determine if pneumonia is what is causing their symptoms.

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Q: The Symptoms of Pneumonia
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