Ultrasound

Answer 1

Ultrasound is a useful procedure for monitoring the baby's development in the uterus. Ultrasound uses inaudible sound waves to produce a two-dimensional image of the baby while inside the mother's uterus. The sound waves bounce off solid structures in the body and are transformed into an image on a monitor screen.

Solid structures, such as bones and muscles, reflect sound waves and appear as light gray or white. Soft or hollow areas, like the chambers of the heart, don't reflect sound waves and appear dark or black.

An ultrasound can supply vital information about a mother's pregnancy and her baby's health. Even though there are no known risks for ultrasound at present, it is highly recommended that pregnant women consult their physician before undergoing this procedure.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 02/21/2010

Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Answer 2

Definition

Ultrasound involves the use of high-frequency sound waves to create images of organs and systems within the body.

Alternative Names

Sonogram

How the test is performed

An ultrasound machine creates images that allow various organs in the body to be examined. The machine sends out high-frequency sound waves, which reflect off body structures. A computer receives these reflected waves and uses them to create a picture. Unlike with an x-ray or CT scan, there is no ionizing radiation exposure with this test.

The test is done in the ultrasound or radiology department. You will be lying down for the procedure. A clear, water-based conducting gel is applied to the skin over the area being examined to help with the transmission of the sound waves. A handheld probe called a transducer is moved over the area being examined. You may be asked to change position so that other areas can be examined.

For specific information about ultrasound examinations, please refer to the following topics:

• Abdominal ultrasound
• Breast ultrasound
• Doppler ultrasound of an arm or a leg
• Doppler/ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram)
• Duplex ultrasound
• Pregnancy ultrasound
• Testicle ultrasound
• Thyroid ultrasound
• Transvaginal ultrasound
• Vascular ultrasound

How to prepare for the test

Preparation for the procedure will depend on the body region being examined.

How the test will feel

There is generally little discomfort with ultrasound procedures. The conducting gel may feel slightly cold and wet.

Why the test is performed

The reason for the examination will depend on your symptoms.

Normal Values

Results are considered normal if the organs and structures in the region being examined are normal in appearance.

What abnormal results mean

The significance of abnormal results will depend on the body region being examined and the nature of the problem. Consult your health care provider with any questions and concerns.

What the risks are

There are no documented risks. No ionizing radiation exposure is involved.

Special considerations

Most ultrasound examinations are performed in the manner described. However, certain circumstances require that the ultrasound probe be inserted into the body, rather than simply passing it over the skin. Consult your health care provider to determine the specifics of your test.

References

Cosgrove DO, Meire HB, Lim A, Eckersley RJ. Ultrasound: general principles. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, eds. Grainger & Allison's Diagnostic Radiology: A Textbook of Medical Imaging. 5th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 3.

Reviewed By

Review Date: 11/21/2010

David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.